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Downloaded from
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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MICHAEL POLLAN [voice-over]:
Food.

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It's a set of relationships.

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It connects you to
the farmer who grew it.

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It connects you to
the animals or the plants.

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It connects you to the soil.

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It connects you to the workers
who prepared it.

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So there's a lot at stake
when you sit down to eat.

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Over the last two decades,

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thanks to some books
and movies,

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like the first "Food Inc.,"

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something called
the Food Movement got started.

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People became keenly interested

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in where their food comes from,
how is it produced.

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Today, farmers markets
are everywhere.

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And even in the supermarket
you can buy organic food,

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grass-fed, GMO-free.

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So, we thought we could
create a food system

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aligned with our values.

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But the food industry
is dominated by a small handful

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of very large
and very powerful companies.

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In normal times,
the power of the food industry,

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of the monopolies
that dominate it,

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is invisible to most of us.

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But when the pandemic hit,

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the curtain was peeled back...

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...and you began to see that
this highly efficient,

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consolidated food system
is a very brittle system.

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There were whole crops
being buried,

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hogs being euthanized 'cause
they couldn't be processed.

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Farmers disposing
a flood of milk.

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At the same time there were
shortages in the supermarket

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and then people were lining up
for miles

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because they were hungry.

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So this consolidated
food system

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could not adapt to
the changes coming so fast.

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We have built a system
that depends on predictability

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and the one thing
we can't count on,

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is predictability anymore.

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We need a system
that is more resilient

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than the one we have.

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You know, we really thought
we could change the food system

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one bite at a time.

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And as important as that is,

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it's not enough,
there's more we have to do.

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GERARDO REYES CHAVEZ
I have been

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working in the fields
since I was a kid

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harvesting different crops.

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I heard about Immokalee
back in Mexico.

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People were talking about
if you go to Immokalee

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you are going
to earn $70 a day.

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And that was just
a flat-out lie

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of recruiters trying to,
uh, just bring people,

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uh, with those,
uh, false pretenses.

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Working in the fields,
it's mainly Latino workers

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and Haitian workers.

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The industry wants
immigrant workers

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because they feel that
they can take advantage of us.

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ERIC SCHLOSSER [voice-over]:
If you eat fresh fruits

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and vegetables,
you're connected to immigrants

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who are being paid poor wages
and being mistreated.

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My whole entry into the world
of food and food systems

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was in trying to understand how

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in the 20th
and the 21st century,

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we could be abusing
and exploiting

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the poorest workers
in the United States

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who are responsible for the
healthiest foods that we eat.

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In Immokalee, at the height
of the pandemic,

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state government
did absolutely nothing

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to protect these workers.

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In fact,
the state government in Florida

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even prevented contact tracing

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because if they found people
who had COVID,

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they'd have to remove them
from the workforce.

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The idea was,
let's not know who's sick

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and get as much harvested
as possible.

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You know we're feeding
the country,

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so our work is essential

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but we as people,
we're treated as disposable.

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TONY THOMPSON [voice-over]:
Iowa's always recognized

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as a flyover state.

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Those of us that live here

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understand that
there's security in that.

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Good morning.

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I can take that country omelet
on for you.

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How are you guys?

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It's my job
to protect 135,000 citizens

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in Black Hawk County.

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We very much appreciate your
support for the college...

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You bet.

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There's
hardworking, blue-collar,

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good, honest,

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salt-of-the-earth-type
people here.

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Here we go,
ham and cheese omelet.

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- Thank you.
- Any hot sauce for you?

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- No, this is great.
- All right.

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- Appreciate it, thank you.
- Enjoy.

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At the beginning
of the pandemic,

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we were fearful
what we were gonna face.

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And all of a sudden,
we had people

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testing positive
in our clinics here.

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Almost all of our
contact tracing pointed back

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to the Tyson meatpacking plant.

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So this is the Tyson plant.

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Tyson's is one of
the larger employers here.

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They bring income
and they provide jobs.

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You don't want
to alienate them.

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But our disease
surveillance officer,

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public health director

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and myself went into
that plant.

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We saw people working
elbow to elbow,

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and reaching over the top
of each other.

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And no masks, no regulation,

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no... no real concerted policy
on how to protect each other.

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And then we're hearing
from people that, you know,

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they're-they're stepping back
off the line,

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puking on the floor,
going right back to work.

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We walked out of there,
all of us, just going,

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"Oh, my God, this is horrible.

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We are, we are in
so much trouble."

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By the end of the month,
they had 1,300 positives

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out of 2,500 employees.

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And then it started to seep
out of the plant

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into our community.

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You know, we had
exponential increases

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in the numbers of deaths,
um, by day.

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Not by week, not by month,
but by day.

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We wanted the ten-to-14-day
shutdown of the plant,

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but Tyson made it
very clear to us

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that it just wasn't
going to happen.

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The meatpacking industry
was worried

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that local public authorities
were going to shut down

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their slaughterhouses.

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So John Tyson wrote a letter
that was published

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in newspapers across
the United States

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raising a fear that we might
start running out of meat.

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And then the meatpacking
companies went to the president

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to keep their
slaughterhouses open.

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- We're working with Tyson...
- Should we

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- ban exports?
- We are.

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We're gonna sign an executive
order today I believe.

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Two days
after the Tyson letter,

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the Trump administration
issued an order

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under
the Defense Production Act

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to ensure that the plants
would keep running.

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So the industry got the
president of the United States

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to do exactly what it wanted.

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It even helped write the
executive order that he issued.

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It's a total perversion of
the Defense Production Act

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to use it to allow a company
to do what it wants to do.

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The whole point of the act is
to force companies to do things

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they might not want to do,
to serve the American public.

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Tyson says
that they were doing this

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to feed America, but we know
that a lot of their meat

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goes to China and overseas.

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We also know that Tyson
had a banner year.

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That's blood money.

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They didn't care
about our citizens

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and way too many people
paid the price for that.

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I am Agriculture USA,

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born in freedom.

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I have become the greatest
provider in all history.

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I'm the spirit of progress.

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I'm a way of life,

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the American way.

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During the Cold War,

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we talked about why our system
was so much superior

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to that of the Soviet Union.

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And it was the free market
that was supposedly responsible

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for the greatness
of this country.

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The 1950s into the early 1960s

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was a period of rising wages
for American workers.

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It's the greatest period of
the growth of the middle class

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in American history.

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And those things are connected
to having real competition

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and strict antitrust
enforcement.

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The basic idea behind
antitrust policy

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is that no one company,
that no two companies

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should dominate an entire
sector of our economy.

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There was strict antitrust
enforcement for decades

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under both Democratic
and Republican administrations.

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In the 1940s, there was
an antitrust suit against A&P.

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Their 14% of the market
for groceries

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was considered
a threat to competition.

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But one of the big monopolies

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that endured was AT&T.

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It was argued
that we couldn't break it up

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because we needed
one company to control

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all the phone lines.

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Uh, the country,
in the long run, will be sorry,

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and I find it difficult
to believe that things

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will work as well, uh,
in the, in the future

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as they have worked
in the past.

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SCHLOSSER [voice-over]:
But then AT&T was broken up,

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and pretty soon,
there were huge reductions

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in the cost of making
a long-distance call.

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That opened the way
for cellular phones,

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modems, and the whole
Internet economy we have today.

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So, breaking up monopolies

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is directly linked
to creating innovation.

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Around 1980,
antitrust enforcement

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was greatly reduced.

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It was argued
that if prices were low,

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then it didn't matter
how much control

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over a market one company had.

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Those views came to be
government policy.

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Corporations began to buy up
their competitors.

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And they got bigger
and bigger and bigger.

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Back then, the four largest
beef companies

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controlled only 25%
of the market.

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Today, the four largest
beef companies

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control 85% of the market.

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Three companies control
83% of the cold cereal market.

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Two companies control 70%

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of the carbonated
soft drink market.

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Two companies control 80%
of the baby formula market.

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Why do companies buy up
their competitors?

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It's because they don't
want to compete.

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And when they don't
have to compete,

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consumers have to pay more,

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farmers and ranchers
get paid less,

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and the difference goes
to those corporations

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as higher profits.

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But that's not
the only problem.

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A highly consolidated market
becomes a fragile market.

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In 2022,

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when Abbott had to shut down
a single factory,

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43% of the nation's
baby formula

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was suddenly off the shelves,

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and mothers had
to start scrambling

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to find food for infants.

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There is no formula
within, like,

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three hours of where we live.

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I haven't been able to find
formula for, like, a month.

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I've been going
to stores, like,

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almost every day,
every other day.

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What are our options here?

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What do y'all want
people to do,

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'cause I don't know
about y'all...

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...but this is scary.

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When you have monopoly power
over baby formula,

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and one company has a problem
at one factory,

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suddenly, some infants
don't get to eat.

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SARAH LLOYD [voice-over]:
Wisconsin is the dairy state.

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It's not an accident.

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It makes sense that we're
producing dairy here.

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We have good access to water.

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We have good growing seasons.

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So, this is
a really great place

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to have animals
and produce milk.

252
00:17:00,410 --> 00:17:03,370
Hello, there, ladies.

253
00:17:03,370 --> 00:17:06,025
Dairy is really in the blood

254
00:17:06,025 --> 00:17:11,334
of Wisconsin farmers,
but it's crushing us right now.

255
00:17:12,553 --> 00:17:15,077
We've just had
continually low prices

256
00:17:15,077 --> 00:17:17,471
paid to us for our milk.

257
00:17:19,951 --> 00:17:22,780
We are considered
a medium-sized farm

258
00:17:22,780 --> 00:17:24,869
by Wisconsin standards.

259
00:17:27,394 --> 00:17:29,483
When I married my husband
in 2007,

260
00:17:29,483 --> 00:17:33,748
we were only milking 250 cows,
and now we're at 450.

261
00:17:33,748 --> 00:17:37,491
And that's because we're just
trying to run faster

262
00:17:37,491 --> 00:17:40,189
to keep our head above water.

263
00:17:41,408 --> 00:17:44,498
Farmers are overproducing,

264
00:17:44,498 --> 00:17:47,414
which is leading
to a lower price.

265
00:17:47,414 --> 00:17:49,198
And what people do,

266
00:17:49,198 --> 00:17:50,852
and what the bank
tells me to do,

267
00:17:50,852 --> 00:17:54,421
is to just keep trying
to produce more.

268
00:17:56,118 --> 00:17:58,338
We kind of create
a vicious cycle,

269
00:17:58,338 --> 00:18:00,731
because then we're producing
more and more

270
00:18:00,731 --> 00:18:02,342
and then the price
is going down

271
00:18:02,342 --> 00:18:05,606
and then we're producing
more to try to stay afloat.

272
00:18:05,606 --> 00:18:08,217
It's really a disaster.

273
00:18:11,307 --> 00:18:15,616
Well, I think that we're huge,
at 450 cows,

274
00:18:15,616 --> 00:18:17,270
and then we're
trying to compete

275
00:18:17,270 --> 00:18:19,924
with these
thousand-cow dairies.

276
00:18:19,924 --> 00:18:23,014
And they're looking at
the 5,000 cow dairies

277
00:18:23,014 --> 00:18:25,365
and then the 5,000-cow dairy

278
00:18:25,365 --> 00:18:28,150
is trying to compete
with the 10,000.

279
00:18:28,150 --> 00:18:30,718
And now you hear about
20,000-cow dairies,

280
00:18:30,718 --> 00:18:32,241
30,000-cow dairies.

281
00:18:32,241 --> 00:18:33,982
Where does it stop?

282
00:18:36,680 --> 00:18:40,858
Now there are fewer
and fewer processers

283
00:18:40,858 --> 00:18:44,514
because they've all merged
with each other.

284
00:18:46,037 --> 00:18:49,650
So it used to be that
if I didn't like the price,

285
00:18:49,650 --> 00:18:54,481
I could find other processers
to buy my milk.

286
00:18:54,481 --> 00:18:57,658
But now,
because of consolidation,

287
00:18:57,658 --> 00:19:01,966
I can't move my milk to another
place with a better price.

288
00:19:06,057 --> 00:19:12,629
We've lost half of our dairy
farms in Wisconsin since 2007.

289
00:19:12,629 --> 00:19:16,372
Lots of people going bankrupt.

290
00:19:16,372 --> 00:19:20,985
The corporate control
pushing folks like us

291
00:19:20,985 --> 00:19:24,163
to just throw up their hands
and say, "I'm done."

292
00:19:28,341 --> 00:19:30,691
POLLAN [voice-over]:
The food system is often at war

293
00:19:30,691 --> 00:19:32,910
with nature.

294
00:19:32,910 --> 00:19:34,651
And one of the great examples

295
00:19:34,651 --> 00:19:36,523
is when you watch
the dairy industry

296
00:19:36,523 --> 00:19:42,093
move from wet, grassy places
like Wisconsin and Vermont

297
00:19:42,093 --> 00:19:45,575
to deserts like
California and Arizona.

298
00:19:45,575 --> 00:19:48,883
How could this
possibly make sense?

299
00:19:48,883 --> 00:19:51,364
Well, as dairies get bigger,

300
00:19:51,364 --> 00:19:54,802
they move to places where
there are very few regulations,

301
00:19:54,802 --> 00:19:57,979
where land is cheap
and you can grow crops

302
00:19:57,979 --> 00:20:01,765
to feed your cattle
all year round.

303
00:20:01,765 --> 00:20:04,725
But the environmental cost
to this is insane.

304
00:20:04,725 --> 00:20:07,597
The rain will oblige you
in Wisconsin

305
00:20:07,597 --> 00:20:09,904
and grow the grass for you.

306
00:20:10,905 --> 00:20:12,689
But in the desert,

307
00:20:12,689 --> 00:20:16,780
this is water that must be
pumped deep out of the aquifers

308
00:20:16,780 --> 00:20:21,002
to irrigate the crops
and hydrate the cattle.

309
00:20:21,002 --> 00:20:24,266
These mega-dairies are rapidly
draining the water table

310
00:20:24,266 --> 00:20:26,616
in the Colorado River

311
00:20:26,616 --> 00:20:28,270
and leaving
neighboring communities

312
00:20:28,270 --> 00:20:30,359
without drinking water.

313
00:20:31,360 --> 00:20:33,057
So the logic of capitalism

314
00:20:33,057 --> 00:20:35,843
and the logic of nature
are at war.

315
00:20:35,843 --> 00:20:40,630
It's a classic example
of profits over sustainability.

316
00:20:53,991 --> 00:20:55,776
ZACK SMITH [voice-over]:
My great-great-grandfather,

317
00:20:55,776 --> 00:20:59,127
he settled here in 1894.

318
00:21:00,868 --> 00:21:06,308
My dad came in 1975 and farmed
for the next 40 years.

319
00:21:07,614 --> 00:21:10,660
And then, uh,
I took over the operation.

320
00:21:11,705 --> 00:21:13,533
Things have really changed,

321
00:21:13,533 --> 00:21:16,187
just from my father's time
to mine.

322
00:21:18,146 --> 00:21:21,323
In Iowa, we used to grow
a multitude of crops.

323
00:21:21,323 --> 00:21:24,239
You know, 100 years ago,
we used to have apple orchards,

324
00:21:24,239 --> 00:21:26,894
and every farm had livestock.

325
00:21:26,894 --> 00:21:28,504
But when you drive
across Iowa now,

326
00:21:28,504 --> 00:21:30,811
you see nothing
but commodity crops:

327
00:21:30,811 --> 00:21:33,161
corn and soybeans,

328
00:21:33,161 --> 00:21:37,426
because those are the crops
the government subsidizes.

329
00:21:37,426 --> 00:21:40,037
And that's why, that's why
farmers do what they do,

330
00:21:40,037 --> 00:21:42,431
is they follow the policy,
because they're in business

331
00:21:42,431 --> 00:21:44,868
to make money
just like everyone else.

332
00:21:45,913 --> 00:21:48,872
But the thing that
is not factored into that

333
00:21:48,872 --> 00:21:52,093
is what is the result
to the land?

334
00:21:53,094 --> 00:21:54,835
Our best resource here in Iowa

335
00:21:54,835 --> 00:21:56,924
is the richest soil
in the world.

336
00:21:57,968 --> 00:22:00,536
But because of the intensive
farming that we've done,

337
00:22:00,536 --> 00:22:03,452
half of our topsoil
is already gone.

338
00:22:03,452 --> 00:22:06,281
We're losing soil faster
than we're making it.

339
00:22:07,326 --> 00:22:09,545
And I get reminded of this
every year

340
00:22:09,545 --> 00:22:13,506
as I'm farming next
to the fence lines.

341
00:22:13,506 --> 00:22:15,246
And you can see a drop-off

342
00:22:15,246 --> 00:22:17,336
between the fence line
and your field level,

343
00:22:17,336 --> 00:22:20,817
and that tells you exactly
how much soil you've lost.

344
00:22:23,820 --> 00:22:27,084
I-I think any Iowa farm boy
growing up

345
00:22:27,084 --> 00:22:29,696
wants to farm full-time.

346
00:22:29,696 --> 00:22:31,872
But I farm about 300 acres,

347
00:22:31,872 --> 00:22:36,877
and 300 acres is not enough
to feed a family comfortably.

348
00:22:36,877 --> 00:22:40,446
So I work off the farm,
as do a lot of folks.

349
00:22:40,446 --> 00:22:42,448
How's, uh, a load of seeds
sound here,

350
00:22:42,448 --> 00:22:43,666
uh, later this morning?

351
00:22:43,666 --> 00:22:45,276
Stop by and, uh,
drop that off...

352
00:22:45,276 --> 00:22:48,367
I sell seed
and I sell farm inputs,

353
00:22:48,367 --> 00:22:51,065
chemicals to help
eliminate pests and weeds.

354
00:22:52,458 --> 00:22:54,373
So let's look
at this field here.

355
00:22:54,373 --> 00:22:55,722
You got a lot
of potential value...

356
00:22:55,722 --> 00:22:56,897
I make recommendations

357
00:22:56,897 --> 00:22:59,421
to use synthetic fertilizers

358
00:22:59,421 --> 00:23:02,163
to get the highest return
off of their land.

359
00:23:04,731 --> 00:23:06,994
So, I make my living
from what a lot of people

360
00:23:06,994 --> 00:23:09,388
would call the industrialized
food system.

361
00:23:12,565 --> 00:23:17,265
However, I have big concerns
about the future.

362
00:23:21,965 --> 00:23:25,012
- That's 40 bags.
- Okay.

363
00:23:25,012 --> 00:23:26,840
SMITH [voice-over]:
If we stay on this path

364
00:23:26,840 --> 00:23:30,060
where we continue
to subsidize commodity crops,

365
00:23:30,060 --> 00:23:32,019
that's not good
for the long-term

366
00:23:32,019 --> 00:23:34,717
of our farming communities,
our soils, our water quality.

367
00:23:37,024 --> 00:23:41,332
So, I'm trying to come up with
a whole new system

368
00:23:41,332 --> 00:23:43,726
so farmers like myself
can grow things in a way

369
00:23:43,726 --> 00:23:46,163
that changes
the rules of the game.

370
00:23:57,784 --> 00:23:59,176
- Hi.
- Senator, how are you?

371
00:23:59,176 --> 00:24:00,264
- I'm very good.
- Nice to meet you.

372
00:24:00,264 --> 00:24:01,483
Nice to meet you as well.

373
00:24:01,483 --> 00:24:02,919
Farmer Steve, I'm farming.

374
00:24:02,919 --> 00:24:04,486
Uh, all right. All right.

375
00:24:04,486 --> 00:24:06,053
- Cory.
- We're thrilled

376
00:24:06,053 --> 00:24:08,447
to be able to have
Senator Cory Booker,

377
00:24:08,447 --> 00:24:10,187
appointed earlier this year

378
00:24:10,187 --> 00:24:11,406
to the Senate
Agriculture Committee.

379
00:24:15,758 --> 00:24:17,368
You have no idea
how exciting it is for me

380
00:24:17,368 --> 00:24:19,458
to be standing here
in a field in my own state.

381
00:24:19,458 --> 00:24:24,245
It was 15 years ago this month
that I was elected

382
00:24:24,245 --> 00:24:27,814
to be mayor of New Jersey's
largest city.

383
00:24:27,814 --> 00:24:29,990
If you would have told me
15 years ago

384
00:24:29,990 --> 00:24:34,690
that I would use every point
of leverage I had in the Senate

385
00:24:34,690 --> 00:24:38,172
to become, uh,
a member of the Ag Committee,

386
00:24:38,172 --> 00:24:40,043
I would have not believed you.

387
00:24:40,043 --> 00:24:42,524
I want you to know
I am so excited to have

388
00:24:42,524 --> 00:24:45,440
the top of my agenda right now,

389
00:24:45,440 --> 00:24:49,096
uh, dealing with, uh,
America's food system,

390
00:24:49,096 --> 00:24:51,098
which is savagely broken.

391
00:24:51,098 --> 00:24:52,969
I-I come at this

392
00:24:52,969 --> 00:24:54,667
through lived experience.

393
00:24:54,667 --> 00:24:58,235
I watched what our food systems

394
00:24:58,235 --> 00:25:02,283
were doing to my family members
and to my community.

395
00:25:03,980 --> 00:25:06,330
Being on the ground
as a local leader,

396
00:25:06,330 --> 00:25:08,463
I started seeing
that the systems within Newark

397
00:25:08,463 --> 00:25:11,118
were really failing kids,
families

398
00:25:11,118 --> 00:25:14,513
where they didn't have access
to healthy foods.

399
00:25:16,079 --> 00:25:19,169
These foods were
being pushed in a way

400
00:25:19,169 --> 00:25:23,783
that seemed, to me,
to prey upon low-income people.

401
00:25:25,349 --> 00:25:28,178
They need the cheapest
food possible,

402
00:25:28,178 --> 00:25:31,181
but they're living
in the middle of a food desert,

403
00:25:31,181 --> 00:25:34,533
where a Twinkie product
is cheaper than an apple.

404
00:25:36,230 --> 00:25:39,102
African American kids,
in the last decade alone,

405
00:25:39,102 --> 00:25:42,236
have seen
their diabetes rates double.

406
00:25:43,585 --> 00:25:46,109
So it just made me want
to drastically change

407
00:25:46,109 --> 00:25:48,808
the food systems for, then,
my community,

408
00:25:48,808 --> 00:25:51,462
but now, of fixing
the broken food systems

409
00:25:51,462 --> 00:25:55,162
in the United States
and globally.

410
00:26:02,430 --> 00:26:04,606
JON TESTER [voice-over]:
This part of Montana

411
00:26:04,606 --> 00:26:07,914
is a place where buffalo
had a hard time surviving.

412
00:26:07,914 --> 00:26:10,438
But you can actually raise
a hell of a crop here.

413
00:26:13,572 --> 00:26:16,705
In fact, I was supposed to
finish seeding my peas today,

414
00:26:16,705 --> 00:26:20,230
but as you can tell,
best-laid plans.

415
00:26:20,230 --> 00:26:23,190
Things don't tend to work
when it gets cold,

416
00:26:23,190 --> 00:26:25,888
including me.

417
00:26:28,456 --> 00:26:30,458
I never felt
appreciated as a farmer.

418
00:26:30,458 --> 00:26:34,331
I raise food, but food
is treated like a commodity,

419
00:26:34,331 --> 00:26:37,334
it wasn't treated
like something you'd eat.

420
00:26:38,379 --> 00:26:40,163
And I said to my wife,

421
00:26:40,163 --> 00:26:43,036
"If we don't do something
to improve our profit margin,

422
00:26:43,036 --> 00:26:46,648
w-we're gonna be selling out
just like everybody else."

423
00:26:46,648 --> 00:26:50,739
I would say there's about
150 bushel in the truck.

424
00:26:50,739 --> 00:26:53,873
In the late '80s,
we converted to organics...

425
00:26:54,917 --> 00:26:58,486
...and we raised durum
for organic noodles.

426
00:26:58,486 --> 00:27:00,880
It was the first time
since we'd been farming

427
00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:03,143
that I actually felt like
I was doing something

428
00:27:03,143 --> 00:27:06,668
that people appreciated,
that people wanted.

429
00:27:11,760 --> 00:27:14,589
But now, we're seeing
an all-out attack

430
00:27:14,589 --> 00:27:16,591
on family farm agriculture.

431
00:27:19,246 --> 00:27:21,596
The corporate business model

432
00:27:21,596 --> 00:27:24,773
is killing rural America,
it's killing it.

433
00:27:25,861 --> 00:27:27,646
And that's not the way
it should be.

434
00:27:27,646 --> 00:27:31,606
There needs to be people
living out here producing food.

435
00:27:34,130 --> 00:27:36,002
But as far as changing things,

436
00:27:36,002 --> 00:27:37,873
there's really only one place
you can do that,

437
00:27:37,873 --> 00:27:39,788
and that's Washington, D.C.

438
00:27:43,749 --> 00:27:47,317
We've seen a mass exodus
off the land.

439
00:27:48,362 --> 00:27:51,321
In my small town,
as an example,

440
00:27:51,321 --> 00:27:53,106
when I graduated
from high school,

441
00:27:53,106 --> 00:27:55,630
there was a thousand people
in that town,

442
00:27:55,630 --> 00:27:57,588
now there's about 600.

443
00:27:57,588 --> 00:28:01,418
There were two hardware stores,
now there are none.

444
00:28:01,418 --> 00:28:05,727
There were three grocery
stores, now there's one.

445
00:28:05,727 --> 00:28:08,948
And maybe the most distressing
is there were five bars,

446
00:28:08,948 --> 00:28:11,559
and now there's only two.

447
00:28:11,559 --> 00:28:14,954
I'm the Senate's
only working farmer,

448
00:28:14,954 --> 00:28:16,607
and I want rural America
to be vibrant again.

449
00:28:16,607 --> 00:28:18,871
That's my motivation here.

450
00:28:20,786 --> 00:28:22,613
Testa.

451
00:28:22,613 --> 00:28:23,832
Booka.

452
00:28:23,832 --> 00:28:26,008
How you doing, man?

453
00:28:26,008 --> 00:28:27,662
Good to see you.

454
00:28:29,142 --> 00:28:30,578
BOOKER [voice-over]:
Jon Tester is,

455
00:28:30,578 --> 00:28:32,188
he's been a mentor to me
in the Senate.

456
00:28:32,188 --> 00:28:35,714
He, early on, talked to me
about the absurdities

457
00:28:35,714 --> 00:28:37,890
- in the Ag world.
- And you could make...

458
00:28:37,890 --> 00:28:39,456
BOOKER [voice-over]:
It's this odd combination

459
00:28:39,456 --> 00:28:41,850
of a guy from Montana

460
00:28:41,850 --> 00:28:43,722
and a guy from New Jersey,
and yet,

461
00:28:43,722 --> 00:28:46,420
we have so much common ground.

462
00:28:46,420 --> 00:28:48,988
If you want to reestablish
rural America again,

463
00:28:48,988 --> 00:28:51,555
if you want to have people
that are able to live there,

464
00:28:51,555 --> 00:28:53,427
- y-you got to have opportunity.
- Yeah.

465
00:28:53,427 --> 00:28:55,037
And if you're gonna
have opportunity,

466
00:28:55,037 --> 00:28:56,822
then you got to have
fair prices.

467
00:28:56,822 --> 00:28:59,389
But when you have
consolidation,

468
00:28:59,389 --> 00:29:01,914
now you, now you've got people
setting prices.

469
00:29:01,914 --> 00:29:03,829
They go out on a golf course
and play a round of golf

470
00:29:03,829 --> 00:29:06,266
and determine what you're gonna
get for a-a bushel of wheat

471
00:29:06,266 --> 00:29:09,182
or, o-or whatever-whatever
you're talking about.

472
00:29:09,182 --> 00:29:12,228
But as long as we're,
uh, doing nothing,

473
00:29:12,228 --> 00:29:13,969
you're gonna continue
to see more consolidation

474
00:29:13,969 --> 00:29:15,405
and you're gonna
continue to see

475
00:29:15,405 --> 00:29:17,059
the demise of the family farm.

476
00:29:17,059 --> 00:29:20,410
So, in many ways, they're
picking winners and losers.

477
00:29:20,410 --> 00:29:23,022
The winners are the handful
of multinational corporations,

478
00:29:23,022 --> 00:29:25,459
the losers are
all the rest of us.

479
00:29:28,070 --> 00:29:30,072
We are so connected.

480
00:29:30,072 --> 00:29:31,900
The challenges in my community

481
00:29:31,900 --> 00:29:33,336
are directly connected
to a system

482
00:29:33,336 --> 00:29:35,512
that's driving farmers
out of business,

483
00:29:35,512 --> 00:29:38,298
hurting our soil
and our rivers,

484
00:29:38,298 --> 00:29:41,431
hurting the food workers,
hurting the end consumers.

485
00:29:42,476 --> 00:29:43,825
And as a nation,

486
00:29:43,825 --> 00:29:45,827
we are dramatically
subsidizing,

487
00:29:45,827 --> 00:29:51,180
with our tax dollars, the foods
that are making us sick.

488
00:29:51,180 --> 00:29:54,096
And only a small fraction
of our subsidies

489
00:29:54,096 --> 00:29:56,925
go to the healthy fresh foods

490
00:29:56,925 --> 00:29:59,841
that we should be eating
as a majority of our diet.

491
00:30:01,843 --> 00:30:05,978
I don't want the government to
be telling someone what to eat,

492
00:30:05,978 --> 00:30:09,111
but I sure as heck
don't want my tax dollars

493
00:30:09,111 --> 00:30:12,985
subsidizing the things
that are making people sick,

494
00:30:12,985 --> 00:30:16,858
and now we have to pay
for the health care costs

495
00:30:16,858 --> 00:30:18,860
of-of the chronic disease

496
00:30:18,860 --> 00:30:21,820
that we're fueling
with our food system.

497
00:30:21,820 --> 00:30:25,475
So, this is a conundrum to me.

498
00:30:33,483 --> 00:30:36,747
We have here
the world's largest potato.

499
00:30:36,747 --> 00:30:38,140
I'll say that's a large potato.

500
00:30:38,140 --> 00:30:40,577
And here's what's in it.

501
00:30:40,577 --> 00:30:43,015
I've had a long career

502
00:30:43,015 --> 00:30:45,017
about looking
at food and nutrition

503
00:30:45,017 --> 00:30:49,673
as ways to examine really
important problems in society.

504
00:30:49,673 --> 00:30:51,806
Food connects to everything.

505
00:30:54,461 --> 00:30:56,898
By the 1980s,
agricultural production

506
00:30:56,898 --> 00:31:00,380
had increased so much
in the United States

507
00:31:00,380 --> 00:31:04,297
that the number of calories
in the food supply

508
00:31:04,297 --> 00:31:07,953
increased to about 4,000
calories a day per person.

509
00:31:07,953 --> 00:31:10,825
And that's twice as many
calories available

510
00:31:10,825 --> 00:31:12,914
in the food supply
as anybody needs.

511
00:31:13,784 --> 00:31:16,178
This puts enormous pressure
on food companies.

512
00:31:16,178 --> 00:31:19,007
How are they gonna sell?

513
00:31:20,400 --> 00:31:24,621
Food companies are businesses
with stockholders to please.

514
00:31:27,233 --> 00:31:28,930
The profits have to get
bigger and bigger,

515
00:31:28,930 --> 00:31:31,498
sales have to increase
and increase.

516
00:31:31,498 --> 00:31:34,370
And food companies figured out
lots of ways to do that.

517
00:31:34,370 --> 00:31:36,546
ANNOUNCER [voice-over]:
Wendy's Baconator is

518
00:31:36,546 --> 00:31:38,722
the ultimate
bacon cheeseburger.

519
00:31:38,722 --> 00:31:40,637
NESTLE [voice-over]:
They opened up fast-food places

520
00:31:40,637 --> 00:31:43,336
all over the world.

521
00:31:43,336 --> 00:31:46,905
They made foods
in larger portions.

522
00:31:46,905 --> 00:31:49,995
ANNOUNCER [voice-over]:
One enormous sandwich.

523
00:31:49,995 --> 00:31:52,040
NESTLE [voice-over]:
If you are presented

524
00:31:52,040 --> 00:31:53,824
with a very large amount
of food...

525
00:31:53,824 --> 00:31:55,826
ANNOUNCER [voice-over]:
Our biggest entrees ever.

526
00:31:55,826 --> 00:31:57,263
NESTLE [voice-over]:
...all of the research shows

527
00:31:57,263 --> 00:31:58,917
that you're gonna eat more
from that portion

528
00:31:58,917 --> 00:32:02,311
than you would if you were
given a small portion.

529
00:32:03,356 --> 00:32:05,836
And then,
food companies made foods

530
00:32:05,836 --> 00:32:09,275
available any place
that you could think of.

531
00:32:09,275 --> 00:32:11,016
You go into a clothing store,

532
00:32:11,016 --> 00:32:13,975
and there's candy bars
at the checkout counter.

533
00:32:13,975 --> 00:32:16,760
♪ Hot donuts

534
00:32:16,760 --> 00:32:19,459
♪ With Kentucky
Fried Chicken. ♪

535
00:32:19,459 --> 00:32:21,591
NESTLE [voice-over]:
So, food companies

536
00:32:21,591 --> 00:32:24,420
are doing everything they can
to get people to eat

537
00:32:24,420 --> 00:32:28,990
anytime, anyplace, day
or night, in large portions.

538
00:32:28,990 --> 00:32:33,429
What better way to sell foods,
whether people need it or not?

539
00:32:33,429 --> 00:32:35,170
It's time for Fourthmeal.

540
00:32:35,170 --> 00:32:38,173
It's a late-night meal,
between dinner and breakfast.

541
00:32:42,047 --> 00:32:44,179
NESTLE [voice-over]: So,
I think it's just very hard

542
00:32:44,179 --> 00:32:46,268
to resist a food environment

543
00:32:46,268 --> 00:32:49,402
that is just yelling at us
all the time,

544
00:32:49,402 --> 00:32:51,882
"Eat more! Eat more! Eat more!"

545
00:33:02,154 --> 00:33:04,025
CARLOS MONTEIRO [voice-over]:
In the 1980s,

546
00:33:04,025 --> 00:33:08,073
I worked as a pediatrician
in the outskirts of Saão Paulo.

547
00:33:10,075 --> 00:33:12,642
Since then, we have observed

548
00:33:12,642 --> 00:33:16,255
a decline
in child malnutrition,

549
00:33:16,255 --> 00:33:19,867
and an increase in obesity.

550
00:33:22,217 --> 00:33:25,003
We had, in Brazil, each year,

551
00:33:25,003 --> 00:33:28,136
one million new cases
of obesity.

552
00:33:30,095 --> 00:33:33,663
Our research found a decline

553
00:33:33,663 --> 00:33:38,886
in the purchase of salt,
cooking oils, table sugar,

554
00:33:38,886 --> 00:33:43,369
and-and then I say,
"Whoa, these are supposed to be

555
00:33:43,369 --> 00:33:45,371
"the determinants
of obesity, right?

556
00:33:45,371 --> 00:33:47,242
"If they are declining,
that's...

557
00:33:47,242 --> 00:33:48,983
this doesn't make sense."

558
00:33:50,289 --> 00:33:52,073
But then we realized
that that traditional,

559
00:33:52,073 --> 00:33:55,990
whole foods
like rice and beans,

560
00:33:55,990 --> 00:33:59,646
were being replaced
by soft drinks,

561
00:33:59,646 --> 00:34:04,129
packaged snacks, sausages,
instant noodles.

562
00:34:04,129 --> 00:34:06,566
All these products
are formulations

563
00:34:06,566 --> 00:34:09,569
of nutrients and additives.

564
00:34:10,570 --> 00:34:12,789
Colors and flavors,

565
00:34:12,789 --> 00:34:15,531
emulsifiers,
artificial sweeteners.

566
00:34:15,531 --> 00:34:17,968
These are chemical compounds

567
00:34:17,968 --> 00:34:22,669
totally unknown
to our metabolism.

568
00:34:22,669 --> 00:34:25,063
And these foods are submitted

569
00:34:25,063 --> 00:34:28,066
to intensive processing.

570
00:34:29,545 --> 00:34:33,027
So we decided
to call this food group

571
00:34:33,027 --> 00:34:35,334
"ultra-processed foods."

572
00:34:36,900 --> 00:34:40,078
We raised the hypothesis
that the consumption

573
00:34:40,078 --> 00:34:43,472
of ultra-processed food
could be the main driver

574
00:34:43,472 --> 00:34:46,997
of diabetes
and other chronic diseases.

575
00:34:50,740 --> 00:34:54,135
In 2019, one researcher,

576
00:34:54,135 --> 00:34:59,836
Kevin Hall,
decided to test our hypothesis.

577
00:35:00,881 --> 00:35:03,840
HALL [voice-over]: I was first
pretty skeptical of this idea.

578
00:35:03,840 --> 00:35:06,060
And I would ask, "What is it
about ultra-processed foods

579
00:35:06,060 --> 00:35:08,628
that causes people of overeat?"

580
00:35:08,628 --> 00:35:10,630
Is it the nutrients
that's driving this,

581
00:35:10,630 --> 00:35:14,329
or perhaps it's something about
the processing of these foods?

582
00:35:15,374 --> 00:35:17,898
So I decided
to design two diets.

583
00:35:17,898 --> 00:35:21,293
In the ultra-processed diet,
we had 80% of calories

584
00:35:21,293 --> 00:35:23,121
coming from
ultra-processed foods,

585
00:35:23,121 --> 00:35:25,427
whereas in the minimally
processed diet,

586
00:35:25,427 --> 00:35:28,909
we had zero percent of calories
from ultra-processed foods.

587
00:35:28,909 --> 00:35:31,912
But the meals were matched
for the calories,

588
00:35:31,912 --> 00:35:36,917
matched for salt, sugar,
fat, fiber and protein.

589
00:35:36,917 --> 00:35:40,442
We told people to eat as much
or as little as desired.

590
00:35:41,835 --> 00:35:45,143
When people were exposed
to this ultra-processed diet,

591
00:35:45,143 --> 00:35:48,755
they ended up eating about
500 calories per day more

592
00:35:48,755 --> 00:35:52,062
compared to the mostly
unprocessed diet.

593
00:35:52,062 --> 00:35:54,500
NESTLE [voice-over]: Usually,
in studies of this type,

594
00:35:54,500 --> 00:35:58,286
you find a difference
of 30 to 50 calories a day.

595
00:35:58,286 --> 00:36:00,158
But 500?

596
00:36:00,158 --> 00:36:02,725
I mean,
that's an unbelievable result.

597
00:36:02,725 --> 00:36:04,945
HALL [voice-over]:
On the ultra-processed diet,

598
00:36:04,945 --> 00:36:07,165
people gained weight
and gained body fat.

599
00:36:07,165 --> 00:36:10,168
And when we switched them
to the unprocessed diet,

600
00:36:10,168 --> 00:36:13,388
those people spontaneously lost
weight and lost fat.

601
00:36:13,388 --> 00:36:17,218
And so, this study suggests
that there's something else

602
00:36:17,218 --> 00:36:19,829
about ultra-processed foods,
independent of the salt,

603
00:36:19,829 --> 00:36:22,223
the sugar and the fat
and the fiber,

604
00:36:22,223 --> 00:36:25,400
that's driving people
to overeat.

605
00:36:27,924 --> 00:36:30,231
The easiest way to explain

606
00:36:30,231 --> 00:36:33,930
the different categories
of processing is corn.

607
00:36:33,930 --> 00:36:38,935
Corn on the cob, unprocessed,
it's been peeled and washed.

608
00:36:38,935 --> 00:36:43,592
Canned corn, minimally
processed, salt has been added.

609
00:36:43,592 --> 00:36:47,596
But Dorito chips
have color, texture

610
00:36:47,596 --> 00:36:49,598
and flavoring additives.

611
00:36:49,598 --> 00:36:51,687
Ultra-processed.

612
00:36:53,211 --> 00:36:54,342
MONTEIRO [voice-over]:
Processed food,

613
00:36:54,342 --> 00:36:56,344
you can make at home.

614
00:36:56,344 --> 00:37:00,000
Ultra-processed foods,
you don't have the ingredients,

615
00:37:00,000 --> 00:37:02,045
you don't have the additives,

616
00:37:02,045 --> 00:37:04,222
and you don't have
the machines.

617
00:37:06,572 --> 00:37:08,138
POLLAN [voice-over]:
The reason you process food

618
00:37:08,138 --> 00:37:09,531
is not that there's
anything wrong with it

619
00:37:09,531 --> 00:37:10,837
in its natural state,

620
00:37:10,837 --> 00:37:12,882
it's that you make
a lot more money.

621
00:37:14,406 --> 00:37:17,800
You know, the money in the
system is not at the farm end.

622
00:37:17,800 --> 00:37:22,675
The farmer's getting less
than 15% of your food dollars.

623
00:37:22,675 --> 00:37:24,633
No, the money is going
to the processor

624
00:37:24,633 --> 00:37:27,462
who's benefiting from the fact
that we're overproducing

625
00:37:27,462 --> 00:37:31,118
and driving down
the cost of raw materials.

626
00:37:32,119 --> 00:37:33,512
The food processors

627
00:37:33,512 --> 00:37:36,689
buy those cheap
agricultural commodities

628
00:37:36,689 --> 00:37:40,127
and then turn it
into the panoply

629
00:37:40,127 --> 00:37:44,174
of ultra-processed food
products in your supermarket.

630
00:37:44,174 --> 00:37:46,525
If you complicate that food

631
00:37:46,525 --> 00:37:50,833
in the form of flavor
or novelty,

632
00:37:50,833 --> 00:37:53,271
that's where the money is.

633
00:37:54,315 --> 00:37:56,709
MONTEIRO [voice-over]:
Ultra-processed food ensures

634
00:37:56,709 --> 00:38:00,016
that a consumer will buy
more and more and more,

635
00:38:00,016 --> 00:38:02,628
because these products

636
00:38:02,628 --> 00:38:06,284
are made
to be consumed in excess.

637
00:38:11,027 --> 00:38:12,812
MARK SCHATZKER [voice-over]:
Eating worked pretty well

638
00:38:12,812 --> 00:38:15,815
for humans for an awfully
long time.

639
00:38:15,815 --> 00:38:17,425
We ate what we needed,

640
00:38:17,425 --> 00:38:21,037
our needs were in balance
with our appetite.

641
00:38:21,037 --> 00:38:22,648
And it's really only recently

642
00:38:22,648 --> 00:38:24,650
that something about our
relationship with food

643
00:38:24,650 --> 00:38:27,217
got disturbed, distorted.

644
00:38:27,217 --> 00:38:30,960
Now we find ourselves literally
eating ourselves to death.

645
00:38:32,397 --> 00:38:34,790
Animals have similar
nutritional needs

646
00:38:34,790 --> 00:38:36,401
to ourselves,
so what do they do?

647
00:38:36,401 --> 00:38:39,621
They, on some intuitive level,
know what to eat.

648
00:38:39,621 --> 00:38:41,797
It's called nutritional wisdom.

649
00:38:41,797 --> 00:38:45,192
These mama cows are over
in this field eating alfalfa

650
00:38:45,192 --> 00:38:47,934
because that's rich in protein
and they're supporting a fetus,

651
00:38:47,934 --> 00:38:50,153
so they need the protein.

652
00:38:50,153 --> 00:38:51,764
But these steers,
they're over here in this field

653
00:38:51,764 --> 00:38:53,853
and they're eating rye grass
which has got sugar

654
00:38:53,853 --> 00:38:56,682
and carbohydrates in it
because they're laying on fat.

655
00:38:56,682 --> 00:38:58,248
And they do this on their own.

656
00:38:58,248 --> 00:39:01,121
They're somehow attracted
to the food they need.

657
00:39:01,121 --> 00:39:02,601
And humans are no different.

658
00:39:02,601 --> 00:39:05,038
Millions of years ago,

659
00:39:05,038 --> 00:39:09,347
our ancestors, walking around
the jungles of Africa,

660
00:39:09,347 --> 00:39:11,871
there was no label
on the fruit that they ate,

661
00:39:11,871 --> 00:39:14,264
they didn't know
about the calories.

662
00:39:14,264 --> 00:39:15,701
But this experience
of just looking

663
00:39:15,701 --> 00:39:18,399
for the food
that tasted the best

664
00:39:18,399 --> 00:39:19,661
is what nourished them.

665
00:39:19,661 --> 00:39:22,142
It's how they had
a nutritious diet.

666
00:39:23,186 --> 00:39:24,797
You think of something like
a delicious peach,

667
00:39:24,797 --> 00:39:29,149
that flavor that we experience
is the brain's system

668
00:39:29,149 --> 00:39:34,241
of analyzing the nutrition
that's within a food.

669
00:39:34,241 --> 00:39:37,810
Flavor is nature's language
of nutrition.

670
00:39:39,333 --> 00:39:42,510
For decades now,
we've been manipulating

671
00:39:42,510 --> 00:39:44,947
the sensory characteristics
of food.

672
00:39:44,947 --> 00:39:48,473
Thanks to flavor technology,
we can make anything we want

673
00:39:48,473 --> 00:39:51,040
taste like whatever we want it
to taste like.

674
00:39:51,040 --> 00:39:54,957
Fake flavors but, also,
artificial sweeteners.

675
00:39:54,957 --> 00:39:57,351
We haven't really questioned
what the consequences of this

676
00:39:57,351 --> 00:40:00,354
has been, we just assumed
it's a good idea.

677
00:40:00,354 --> 00:40:02,965
Well, now we have new research
that is showing

678
00:40:02,965 --> 00:40:04,837
that this is actually
a terrible idea.

679
00:40:04,837 --> 00:40:07,492
That we're actually interfering
with the brain's

680
00:40:07,492 --> 00:40:10,016
and the body's ability
to metabolize food.

681
00:40:14,412 --> 00:40:16,544
DANA SMALL [voice-over]:
My interest is in how

682
00:40:16,544 --> 00:40:19,939
the brain processes
food reward.

683
00:40:19,939 --> 00:40:22,550
I did the first
neural imaging study,

684
00:40:22,550 --> 00:40:24,683
um, of feeding in humans.

685
00:40:25,727 --> 00:40:27,337
We were measuring
brain response

686
00:40:27,337 --> 00:40:30,253
as they were eating
little pieces of chocolate.

687
00:40:31,254 --> 00:40:32,821
I really wanted to understand

688
00:40:32,821 --> 00:40:35,084
areas of the brain
that represent

689
00:40:35,084 --> 00:40:37,739
the pleasure
of the, of the food.

690
00:40:37,739 --> 00:40:41,874
Pepsi was interested
in our research.

691
00:40:41,874 --> 00:40:44,224
I think they wanted
to try to understand

692
00:40:44,224 --> 00:40:46,008
how to make healthier foods.

693
00:40:46,008 --> 00:40:49,534
And so, they came to me
with a question,

694
00:40:49,534 --> 00:40:54,016
"Is it possible to decrease
the amount of calories

695
00:40:54,016 --> 00:40:56,279
"in a typical
sugar-sweetened beverage

696
00:40:56,279 --> 00:40:58,891
without compromising reward?"

697
00:40:59,935 --> 00:41:03,852
So, in the lab, we created
a series of beverages

698
00:41:03,852 --> 00:41:06,812
where we manipulated
the sweetness,

699
00:41:06,812 --> 00:41:09,510
independent of calories.

700
00:41:09,510 --> 00:41:12,557
So that way,
we have equally sweet drinks

701
00:41:12,557 --> 00:41:15,429
but drinks
of different calorie amounts.

702
00:41:16,691 --> 00:41:18,084
You're gonna be
receiving liquids

703
00:41:18,084 --> 00:41:20,216
through the mouthpiece, okay?

704
00:41:20,216 --> 00:41:22,044
SMALL [voice-over]:
We looked at the brain's areas

705
00:41:22,044 --> 00:41:24,612
that are responsible
for reward.

706
00:41:26,048 --> 00:41:30,096
What we thought was that
the highest-calorie beverage

707
00:41:30,096 --> 00:41:32,968
would become
the most-liked beverage,

708
00:41:32,968 --> 00:41:35,144
but that's not what we found.

709
00:41:35,144 --> 00:41:37,277
Instead, it was actually
the middle doses,

710
00:41:37,277 --> 00:41:40,106
where sweetness and calories
are matched,

711
00:41:40,106 --> 00:41:43,022
that was eliciting
the greatest brain response.

712
00:41:44,371 --> 00:41:46,591
In nature, the relationship
between sweetness

713
00:41:46,591 --> 00:41:48,897
and energy is-is pretty stable.

714
00:41:48,897 --> 00:41:52,248
So, when you manipulate
sensory information

715
00:41:52,248 --> 00:41:54,860
without regard
for the nutritional content,

716
00:41:54,860 --> 00:41:57,427
you're essentially
creating mismatches.

717
00:41:58,777 --> 00:42:01,649
And so, we conducted
follow-up studies

718
00:42:01,649 --> 00:42:03,782
to see what was going on.

719
00:42:03,782 --> 00:42:06,045
Comfortable under there?
- Yep.

720
00:42:06,045 --> 00:42:07,699
SMALL [voice-over]:
And what we found

721
00:42:07,699 --> 00:42:12,747
was that when sweetness
matches the calories,

722
00:42:12,747 --> 00:42:17,056
then the body
metabolizes that energy.

723
00:42:17,056 --> 00:42:19,014
But when something
was too sweet for the amount

724
00:42:19,014 --> 00:42:22,496
of calories or not sweet enough
for the amount of calories,

725
00:42:22,496 --> 00:42:26,587
the body's ability
to metabolize those calories

726
00:42:26,587 --> 00:42:28,241
was-was blunted.

727
00:42:28,241 --> 00:42:32,462
Those calories are not
being used as a fuel.

728
00:42:32,462 --> 00:42:36,423
Instead, they might be
converted into fat.

729
00:42:36,423 --> 00:42:40,340
So, if you reduce calories
by adding artificial sweetener,

730
00:42:40,340 --> 00:42:43,952
you could actually be doing
more harm than good.

731
00:42:45,171 --> 00:42:46,694
When I saw the findings,
I shared it

732
00:42:46,694 --> 00:42:49,479
with our collaborators at Pepsi
right away.

733
00:42:49,479 --> 00:42:52,178
But this result, that I thought
was super exciting,

734
00:42:52,178 --> 00:42:53,962
because we're gonna
learn something new--

735
00:42:53,962 --> 00:42:56,574
"This is really cool"-- um,

736
00:42:56,574 --> 00:42:59,011
had the opposite effect that
I thought it was gonna have.

737
00:43:00,055 --> 00:43:02,623
I received a bunch of emails
from Pepsi

738
00:43:02,623 --> 00:43:04,930
saying that the data
made no sense,

739
00:43:04,930 --> 00:43:07,106
really saying
that they didn't believe

740
00:43:07,106 --> 00:43:08,542
what we were reporting.

741
00:43:08,542 --> 00:43:10,979
Uh, they-they pulled
our funding.

742
00:43:10,979 --> 00:43:14,809
And it wasn't until much later
that I realized the problem

743
00:43:14,809 --> 00:43:17,333
was not that they didn't
believe me,

744
00:43:17,333 --> 00:43:19,640
but in fact,
that they did believe me.

745
00:43:19,640 --> 00:43:21,424
And that's what
made them worried.

746
00:43:24,036 --> 00:43:26,299
The moment you know that
something is bad for health,

747
00:43:26,299 --> 00:43:28,562
ethically,
you have to correct it.

748
00:43:28,562 --> 00:43:30,651
I think they wanted
deniability,

749
00:43:30,651 --> 00:43:33,306
because what our research
suggested

750
00:43:33,306 --> 00:43:37,484
is that their products could
negatively impact health

751
00:43:37,484 --> 00:43:40,052
in unanticipated ways.

752
00:43:42,402 --> 00:43:44,056
SCHATZKER [voice-over]: When
you walk into a supermarket,

753
00:43:44,056 --> 00:43:46,667
it's not just
artificial sweeteners.

754
00:43:46,667 --> 00:43:49,148
There is a whole arsenal
of additives

755
00:43:49,148 --> 00:43:52,673
designed to mislead the brain.

756
00:43:52,673 --> 00:43:55,981
There's fat replacers,
artificial flavors,

757
00:43:55,981 --> 00:43:58,636
so-called natural flavors.

758
00:43:58,636 --> 00:44:01,421
So how does your brain react
when it keeps getting fooled

759
00:44:01,421 --> 00:44:02,814
by the food it eats?

760
00:44:04,467 --> 00:44:07,470
The best way to think about it
is the fuel gauge on your car.

761
00:44:07,470 --> 00:44:10,038
Imagine if you looked at it
and it said it was full,

762
00:44:10,038 --> 00:44:12,258
but it might be empty,
it might be half full.

763
00:44:12,258 --> 00:44:14,869
Imagine it was uncertain
in the way

764
00:44:14,869 --> 00:44:16,697
that modern food
has become uncertain.

765
00:44:16,697 --> 00:44:18,481
What would you do?

766
00:44:18,481 --> 00:44:21,093
Well, you-you'd fill your car
up a whole lot more often.

767
00:44:21,093 --> 00:44:22,529
Well, that's what
your brain does.

768
00:44:22,529 --> 00:44:24,009
When it keeps getting fooled,

769
00:44:24,009 --> 00:44:25,924
when one day
sweetness means calories

770
00:44:25,924 --> 00:44:27,795
and the next day
it means no calories

771
00:44:27,795 --> 00:44:31,756
or just some calories, it goes,
"I better eat more food

772
00:44:31,756 --> 00:44:34,541
to make sure
I don't get ripped off."

773
00:44:34,541 --> 00:44:37,849
We're short-circuiting
an evolutionary process

774
00:44:37,849 --> 00:44:40,547
that's hundreds of thousands
of years old.

775
00:44:40,547 --> 00:44:43,942
And we've learned through
the i-ingenuity of food science

776
00:44:43,942 --> 00:44:46,509
to fool the human body.

777
00:44:46,509 --> 00:44:49,121
Um, but you pay
a price for that,

778
00:44:49,121 --> 00:44:51,906
in losing your taste
for real food.

779
00:44:51,906 --> 00:44:54,866
And as we lose our taste
for eating plants,

780
00:44:54,866 --> 00:44:56,955
we lose all those antioxidants,

781
00:44:56,955 --> 00:45:00,045
we lose all
those protective factors.

782
00:45:00,045 --> 00:45:04,049
When you have
that premade meal,

783
00:45:04,049 --> 00:45:06,312
it's hard to know
that it's unhealthy,

784
00:45:06,312 --> 00:45:09,750
but it's all been designed
to manipulate you.

785
00:45:09,750 --> 00:45:11,709
The eye, the taste buds,

786
00:45:11,709 --> 00:45:14,015
and get you to eat
as much as possible,

787
00:45:14,015 --> 00:45:16,670
ideally, to addict you to it.

788
00:45:20,239 --> 00:45:22,241
MONTEIRO [voice-over]:
In the United States,

789
00:45:22,241 --> 00:45:24,156
the average consumption
of ultra-processed foods

790
00:45:24,156 --> 00:45:28,769
is about 58%
of total energy intake.

791
00:45:28,769 --> 00:45:30,945
But in most of the world,

792
00:45:30,945 --> 00:45:34,035
consumption of ultra-processed
food is much lower.

793
00:45:34,035 --> 00:45:37,952
And most calories
still come from real foods.

794
00:45:40,302 --> 00:45:43,349
Today,
these big food companies,

795
00:45:43,349 --> 00:45:46,439
they are targeting markets
in many countries

796
00:45:46,439 --> 00:45:48,484
with aggressive campaigns.

797
00:45:53,272 --> 00:45:55,927
♪ That could be you
right now. ♪

798
00:45:58,233 --> 00:45:59,495
MONTEIRO [voice-over]:
These countries

799
00:45:59,495 --> 00:46:02,629
are not prepared
to defend themselves

800
00:46:02,629 --> 00:46:04,979
from the health problems

801
00:46:04,979 --> 00:46:08,374
created by
ultra-processed foods.

802
00:46:08,374 --> 00:46:10,898
♪ Breakfast time
is Kellogg's time ♪

803
00:46:10,898 --> 00:46:13,292
♪ Breakfast is Kellogg's.

804
00:46:34,008 --> 00:46:35,618
FRAN MARION [voice-over]:
I have worked in fast food

805
00:46:35,618 --> 00:46:38,491
for over 20 years.

806
00:46:39,709 --> 00:46:41,668
I have worked at McDonald's,

807
00:46:41,668 --> 00:46:43,931
I have worked at Popeyes.

808
00:46:45,019 --> 00:46:47,805
I'm currently at Taco Bell.

809
00:46:49,067 --> 00:46:51,634
I have two children.

810
00:46:51,634 --> 00:46:53,462
My kids are my world.

811
00:46:53,462 --> 00:46:55,290
But it's been hard.

812
00:46:55,290 --> 00:46:57,118
There have been times I can't
afford the heating bill,

813
00:46:57,118 --> 00:47:00,643
there have been times where
I can't afford to pay my rent.

814
00:47:00,643 --> 00:47:02,036
There's been times
where I couldn't afford

815
00:47:02,036 --> 00:47:04,212
to put food on the table.

816
00:47:04,212 --> 00:47:06,954
I have a gas bill.

817
00:47:06,954 --> 00:47:09,739
A light bill. Internet bill.

818
00:47:09,739 --> 00:47:12,090
Rent, $715.

819
00:47:12,090 --> 00:47:13,874
If I miss a day,

820
00:47:13,874 --> 00:47:16,921
one of these becomes
a shutoff notice,

821
00:47:16,921 --> 00:47:19,053
a disconnect notice.

822
00:47:20,533 --> 00:47:23,101
My biggest fear is winding
back up in a position

823
00:47:23,101 --> 00:47:25,930
that I had to crawl out of,
and living out of my car

824
00:47:25,930 --> 00:47:28,454
and living away
from my children.

825
00:47:32,545 --> 00:47:34,895
This is everything we own.

826
00:47:34,895 --> 00:47:38,856
Our clothes, shoes.

827
00:47:38,856 --> 00:47:41,641
This is me and my family's
prized possessions.

828
00:47:41,641 --> 00:47:43,773
It's all we own.

829
00:47:43,773 --> 00:47:45,775
I don't ever want my family

830
00:47:45,775 --> 00:47:47,908
to have to experience that
again,

831
00:47:47,908 --> 00:47:52,043
but it-it's hard, on the wages
we make, and you almost...

832
00:47:52,043 --> 00:47:56,874
it's almost impossible for us
just to survive.

833
00:48:04,838 --> 00:48:06,796
Most people
will say that these jobs

834
00:48:06,796 --> 00:48:09,364
are for people that are
just starting out.

835
00:48:09,364 --> 00:48:14,674
But the average fast-food
worker's a 30-year-old woman.

836
00:48:14,674 --> 00:48:16,676
Not-not a kid.

837
00:48:16,676 --> 00:48:20,898
This-this is someone's mother,
someone's sister,

838
00:48:20,898 --> 00:48:23,944
trying to make it
to feed their family.

839
00:48:23,944 --> 00:48:25,554
I have a cheesy sausage
toasted burrito

840
00:48:25,554 --> 00:48:27,295
and a regular coffee,
$4.10 today.

841
00:48:27,295 --> 00:48:29,210
The cost
of living is steadily going up,

842
00:48:29,210 --> 00:48:31,430
but our wages aren't.

843
00:48:32,997 --> 00:48:35,608
How can I go to work for these
billion-dollar companies

844
00:48:35,608 --> 00:48:38,437
and feed all these people,

845
00:48:38,437 --> 00:48:41,919
all to come home to hear
my son's stomach growl?

846
00:48:44,486 --> 00:48:46,793
For-for the ones that have
all the sauce on it,

847
00:48:46,793 --> 00:48:48,055
they're cheaper.

848
00:48:49,143 --> 00:48:51,015
Four dollars.

849
00:48:51,015 --> 00:48:54,322
Right now we have
$13.97. All right.

850
00:48:54,322 --> 00:48:57,195
I do not get sick leave.

851
00:48:57,195 --> 00:48:58,848
I do not get health care.

852
00:49:01,286 --> 00:49:03,201
As an adult,
I've never been able

853
00:49:03,201 --> 00:49:04,898
to afford to see a doctor.

854
00:49:04,898 --> 00:49:07,988
I got it. 20, 40...

855
00:49:07,988 --> 00:49:10,121
I'm tired.

856
00:49:11,992 --> 00:49:14,603
And nobody knows how tired I am

857
00:49:14,603 --> 00:49:18,042
except for those people that
go through it just like me.

858
00:49:21,001 --> 00:49:22,960
SCHLOSSER [voice-over]:
Today, the federal minimum wage

859
00:49:22,960 --> 00:49:26,224
is seven dollars
and 25 cents an hour.

860
00:49:26,224 --> 00:49:30,663
It's been at that level
since 2009.

861
00:49:30,663 --> 00:49:32,491
Adjusted for inflation,

862
00:49:32,491 --> 00:49:38,497
it's almost 50% lower
than it was in the late 1960s.

863
00:49:38,497 --> 00:49:44,982
So the poorest workers have
seen their pay cut in half.

864
00:49:46,026 --> 00:49:49,247
The CEO of Yum! Brands,
which owns Taco Bell,

865
00:49:49,247 --> 00:49:53,468
earns more in an hour than
the typical Taco Bell worker

866
00:49:53,468 --> 00:49:55,949
earns in a year.

867
00:49:55,949 --> 00:50:00,780
And we're paying so that
they can have cheap labor.

868
00:50:00,780 --> 00:50:03,087
Walmart and McDonald's

869
00:50:03,087 --> 00:50:06,090
are two of the largest
employers of workers

870
00:50:06,090 --> 00:50:09,919
who are dependent
on food stamps and on Medicaid.

871
00:50:09,919 --> 00:50:13,967
So it's taxpayers who are
supporting these companies,

872
00:50:13,967 --> 00:50:18,102
as opposed to these companies
supporting their workers.

873
00:50:19,277 --> 00:50:22,062
It's not only fast-food
and supermarket workers,

874
00:50:22,062 --> 00:50:25,500
it's millions of other workers
in the food system

875
00:50:25,500 --> 00:50:30,201
who are being exploited in ways
that are hidden from view.

876
00:50:37,599 --> 00:50:39,688
CHAVEZ [voice-over]:
The agricultural industry

877
00:50:39,688 --> 00:50:43,388
depends on more
than three million workers.

878
00:50:44,737 --> 00:50:46,478
Agriculture has always
been a place

879
00:50:46,478 --> 00:50:48,871
where exploitation
has happened.

880
00:50:50,830 --> 00:50:54,964
Because it emerged
out of slavery.

881
00:50:54,964 --> 00:50:58,620
70 cents a day.
70... 70 cents all day job.

882
00:51:00,231 --> 00:51:02,755
CHAVEZ [voice-over]:
When slavery was abolished,

883
00:51:02,755 --> 00:51:07,499
it didn't disappear,
it just changed form.

884
00:51:08,717 --> 00:51:10,110
NARRATOR [voice-over]:
One farmer looked at this

885
00:51:10,110 --> 00:51:13,374
and said,
"We used to own our slaves.

886
00:51:13,374 --> 00:51:15,202
Now we just rent them."

887
00:51:18,423 --> 00:51:20,990
CHAVEZ [voice-over]:
The whole industry was still

888
00:51:20,990 --> 00:51:26,170
just refusing to recognize
that the workers deserve

889
00:51:26,170 --> 00:51:29,825
to be treated
as-as human beings.

890
00:51:32,089 --> 00:51:36,136
Today, slavery
continues to happen,

891
00:51:36,136 --> 00:51:38,182
even though it's a crime.

892
00:51:40,053 --> 00:51:45,406
One case of modern-day slavery
happened in our community.

893
00:51:45,406 --> 00:51:49,193
Workers escaped
from a U-Haul truck

894
00:51:49,193 --> 00:51:52,935
where they were tied
with chains.

895
00:51:52,935 --> 00:51:55,068
The defendants
have been accused

896
00:51:55,068 --> 00:51:56,461
of threatening,

897
00:51:56,461 --> 00:51:59,159
slapping and kicking
farm workers.

898
00:51:59,159 --> 00:52:02,162
Chaining them to a pole,
beating them,

899
00:52:02,162 --> 00:52:05,078
locking them
inside U-Haul trailers,

900
00:52:05,078 --> 00:52:09,735
keeping them in debt and
forcing them to work for free.

901
00:52:10,779 --> 00:52:12,216
CHAVEZ [voice-over]:
So, as workers,

902
00:52:12,216 --> 00:52:16,045
we organized to fight back.

903
00:52:16,045 --> 00:52:17,482
When I got involved

904
00:52:17,482 --> 00:52:19,136
with the Coalition
of Immokalee Workers,

905
00:52:19,136 --> 00:52:23,401
we were focusing
on the big tomato growers,

906
00:52:23,401 --> 00:52:27,056
thinking that they will have
to listen to us.

907
00:52:29,058 --> 00:52:31,017
JON ESFORMES [voice-over]:
There were articles

908
00:52:31,017 --> 00:52:33,933
about slavery.

909
00:52:33,933 --> 00:52:37,328
Our company's name was listed

910
00:52:37,328 --> 00:52:39,112
because we're one of
the largest growers

911
00:52:39,112 --> 00:52:40,374
here in Florida.

912
00:52:42,246 --> 00:52:44,726
We've always
heard about wage theft,

913
00:52:44,726 --> 00:52:50,254
of sexual harassment,
of bad operators.

914
00:52:50,254 --> 00:52:53,387
But you never think
it's going on in your house.

915
00:52:55,868 --> 00:52:58,958
When you've got
labor contractors

916
00:52:58,958 --> 00:53:03,180
providing workers to a farmer,

917
00:53:03,180 --> 00:53:04,964
it creates an environment
where there's a step back

918
00:53:04,964 --> 00:53:09,360
from any responsibility about
how they're being treated,

919
00:53:09,360 --> 00:53:11,188
how they're being paid.

920
00:53:13,799 --> 00:53:15,366
CHAVEZ [voice-over]:
The growers

921
00:53:15,366 --> 00:53:18,456
just closed the door
on our nose.

922
00:53:18,456 --> 00:53:21,589
They didn't care
about our demands

923
00:53:21,589 --> 00:53:24,375
or about anything
that we had to say.

924
00:53:24,375 --> 00:53:28,379
So we need to widen
o-our understanding

925
00:53:28,379 --> 00:53:32,948
on what can influence
this industry.

926
00:53:32,948 --> 00:53:35,299
And then we realized
that the market power

927
00:53:35,299 --> 00:53:38,258
was with the corporations

928
00:53:38,258 --> 00:53:41,218
that buy millions of dollars
of tomatoes.

929
00:53:44,177 --> 00:53:47,833
These companies want
to create a friendly image

930
00:53:47,833 --> 00:53:51,576
towards the consumer
that buries behind

931
00:53:51,576 --> 00:53:54,840
all the abuses
that are part of our lives.

932
00:53:54,840 --> 00:53:59,323
And we knew that if we bring
this message that injustices

933
00:53:59,323 --> 00:54:02,978
are going on behind the food
that everybody's eating,

934
00:54:02,978 --> 00:54:05,851
companies would have
to respond.

935
00:54:08,462 --> 00:54:11,770
The Coalition
of Immokalee Workers started

936
00:54:11,770 --> 00:54:14,207
what we call the Campaign
for Fair Food.

937
00:54:14,207 --> 00:54:18,167
We created alliances
all over the country.

938
00:54:18,167 --> 00:54:22,737
Students were organizing
in support of the workers.

939
00:54:22,737 --> 00:54:28,265
So we were able to bring
the power of consumers

940
00:54:28,265 --> 00:54:32,269
to be part of this fight
for our rights.

941
00:54:37,361 --> 00:54:39,319
POLLAN [voice-over]: One of the
most encouraging developments

942
00:54:39,319 --> 00:54:41,452
has been the emergence
of consumers

943
00:54:41,452 --> 00:54:43,280
who want to reform the system,

944
00:54:43,280 --> 00:54:47,196
who want a more humane system,
a more sustainable system.

945
00:54:47,196 --> 00:54:48,894
But it doesn't always work.

946
00:54:48,894 --> 00:54:51,853
Because they're up against
such powerful corporations

947
00:54:51,853 --> 00:54:54,421
that they can be thwarted
at every turn.

948
00:54:55,466 --> 00:54:58,599
For example, one of the most
brutal conditions

949
00:54:58,599 --> 00:55:02,560
under which our food animals
live are female pigs,

950
00:55:02,560 --> 00:55:06,259
who spend their lives in a
"gestation crate," it's called,

951
00:55:06,259 --> 00:55:09,306
that is barely bigger
than they are.

952
00:55:09,306 --> 00:55:13,745
The voters of California
voted by a significant margin

953
00:55:13,745 --> 00:55:16,704
to outlaw the sale of pork

954
00:55:16,704 --> 00:55:20,317
from animals that were living
in gestation crates.

955
00:55:20,317 --> 00:55:23,145
And the industry would not
let that stand.

956
00:55:23,145 --> 00:55:25,017
So they took it
to the Supreme Court,

957
00:55:25,017 --> 00:55:29,630
where they nearly succeeded
in getting this law tossed out.

958
00:55:29,630 --> 00:55:33,852
So we have allowed these giant,
consolidated food companies

959
00:55:33,852 --> 00:55:38,335
to accumulate so much power
that they exercise a veto

960
00:55:38,335 --> 00:55:41,250
over the consumer
and over the voter.

961
00:55:42,991 --> 00:55:47,561
They have also perfected
the art of obfuscating

962
00:55:47,561 --> 00:55:52,087
the role of the meat industry
in climate change.

963
00:55:53,132 --> 00:55:54,873
No single food
contributes as much

964
00:55:54,873 --> 00:55:58,877
to global warming as cattle.

965
00:55:58,877 --> 00:56:02,663
And in fact, one third
of greenhouse gasses

966
00:56:02,663 --> 00:56:05,144
are produced by
the food system alone.

967
00:56:05,144 --> 00:56:07,712
That's second only
to transportation.

968
00:56:08,800 --> 00:56:13,631
But we're up against
a very powerful industry.

969
00:56:13,631 --> 00:56:15,589
The food industry
spends more on lobbying

970
00:56:15,589 --> 00:56:17,417
than the defense industry.

971
00:56:17,417 --> 00:56:19,463
That has bought them

972
00:56:19,463 --> 00:56:23,902
an incredible measure of power
in Congress.

973
00:56:23,902 --> 00:56:27,209
But there are corporations
out there that fully recognize

974
00:56:27,209 --> 00:56:28,776
that the consumer wants to see

975
00:56:28,776 --> 00:56:31,344
a different kind
of meat industry.

976
00:56:31,344 --> 00:56:32,954
The question is,
what are these corporations

977
00:56:32,954 --> 00:56:34,826
gonna do with this?

978
00:56:34,826 --> 00:56:39,570
Is this gonna drive real change
or the appearance of change?

979
00:56:50,494 --> 00:56:52,191
PAT BROWN [voice-over]:
I was a professor at Stanford.

980
00:56:52,191 --> 00:56:54,280
My job was
basic biomedical research,

981
00:56:54,280 --> 00:56:57,588
just trying to understand
how cells work, how genes work.

982
00:56:57,588 --> 00:57:00,155
I had a sabbatical,
and I decided

983
00:57:00,155 --> 00:57:02,854
to use it to try
to figure out what would be

984
00:57:02,854 --> 00:57:06,901
the, uh, most impactful thing
I could do, uh, next.

985
00:57:06,901 --> 00:57:10,644
And, uh, very quickly,
I came to the conclusion

986
00:57:10,644 --> 00:57:13,604
that it's to completely replace
animals in the food system.

987
00:57:13,604 --> 00:57:16,694
Even if we just replaced cows,

988
00:57:16,694 --> 00:57:19,436
we could give ourselves
a 30-year pause

989
00:57:19,436 --> 00:57:21,481
in the rise
of greenhouse gasses.

990
00:57:21,481 --> 00:57:24,441
And possibly more important
is that

991
00:57:24,441 --> 00:57:26,399
the total number
of living mammals,

992
00:57:26,399 --> 00:57:28,009
birds, reptiles,

993
00:57:28,009 --> 00:57:30,098
amphibians and fish on Earth

994
00:57:30,098 --> 00:57:34,015
is less than a third
what it was 50 years ago.

995
00:57:34,015 --> 00:57:36,757
The collapse
in global biodiversity

996
00:57:36,757 --> 00:57:40,805
is overwhelmingly caused
by habitat destruction

997
00:57:40,805 --> 00:57:44,896
to graze livestock or raise
crops to feed them.

998
00:57:44,896 --> 00:57:47,115
And you see it
happening in real time,

999
00:57:47,115 --> 00:57:48,726
when you watch
the Amazon burning

1000
00:57:48,726 --> 00:57:52,730
to expand animal agriculture.

1001
00:57:52,730 --> 00:57:56,647
So, I quit my job at Stanford,
a job that I loved.

1002
00:57:56,647 --> 00:57:59,040
I felt like,
"Okay, well, I got to do this."

1003
00:58:02,435 --> 00:58:04,263
You're not gonna solve
the problem

1004
00:58:04,263 --> 00:58:07,875
by trying to persuade
people to change their diets.

1005
00:58:07,875 --> 00:58:09,790
That's never worked.

1006
00:58:09,790 --> 00:58:12,010
You just have to realize
that people aren't gonna stop

1007
00:58:12,010 --> 00:58:15,492
wanting meat, we're just
making it the wrong way.

1008
00:58:18,669 --> 00:58:20,366
My first challenge
was to understand

1009
00:58:20,366 --> 00:58:22,586
what makes meat
taste like meat.

1010
00:58:22,586 --> 00:58:25,502
The answer was that
animal tissues

1011
00:58:25,502 --> 00:58:30,855
contain very high levels
of a biomolecule called heme,

1012
00:58:30,855 --> 00:58:36,077
and it turns on the chemistry
of meat flavor and aroma.

1013
00:58:36,077 --> 00:58:38,558
We've genetically engineered
a yeast cell

1014
00:58:38,558 --> 00:58:40,995
to make the heme directly.

1015
00:58:43,302 --> 00:58:44,651
POLLAN [voice-over]:
Pat Brown's not making

1016
00:58:44,651 --> 00:58:46,740
a big health claim
for his products.

1017
00:58:46,740 --> 00:58:49,395
It wasn't designed
to be a health food,

1018
00:58:49,395 --> 00:58:52,311
it was designed to fake
the meat experience.

1019
00:58:53,399 --> 00:58:55,880
So this is your
not-so-secret ingredient.

1020
00:58:55,880 --> 00:58:58,056
You can taste it if you like.

1021
00:58:59,623 --> 00:59:00,928
We've done a lot of work
thinking about

1022
00:59:00,928 --> 00:59:02,582
how to bind
the burger together,

1023
00:59:02,582 --> 00:59:04,410
and we needed to make it
something so robust

1024
00:59:04,410 --> 00:59:06,238
that you could stick it on
a grill and flip it without...

1025
00:59:06,238 --> 00:59:08,327
- And it wouldn't fall apart?
- Wouldn't fall apart,

1026
00:59:08,327 --> 00:59:09,720
and, you know, you can
make meatballs with it...

1027
00:59:09,720 --> 00:59:11,417
So, what was the breakthrough?

1028
00:59:11,417 --> 00:59:12,766
- Can you share that?
- Um, you know, methylcellulose

1029
00:59:12,766 --> 00:59:14,768
was a really big improvement
for us.

1030
00:59:14,768 --> 00:59:16,335
- Sounds like
a tree product.
- It is a tree product.

1031
00:59:16,335 --> 00:59:17,945
Cellulose comes from trees.

1032
00:59:17,945 --> 00:59:20,861
Um, it's a really abundant
molecule in the world.

1033
00:59:20,861 --> 00:59:23,647
- POLLAN And where do you
get it?
- I think it's a byproduct

1034
00:59:23,647 --> 00:59:25,300
- from a lot
of the paper industry...
- Mm-hmm.

1035
00:59:25,300 --> 00:59:27,825
- Mm-hmm.
- And, uh...

1036
00:59:27,825 --> 00:59:29,348
wood pulp?

1037
00:59:31,263 --> 00:59:32,699
It's cleaned up enough that it
doesn't taste like w-wood pulp.

1038
00:59:32,699 --> 00:59:34,135
- I'm sure not.
- Yeah.

1039
00:59:42,143 --> 00:59:43,710
BROWN [voice-over]:
This is a facility

1040
00:59:43,710 --> 00:59:46,104
that has none of the horrors
of a slaughterhouse.

1041
00:59:47,671 --> 00:59:50,108
I think we have
a plant-based food,

1042
00:59:50,108 --> 00:59:52,110
with a fraction
of the environmental footprint

1043
00:59:52,110 --> 00:59:54,286
of covering
the planet with cows.

1044
00:59:56,680 --> 00:59:57,855
POLLAN [voice-over]:
You can make a case

1045
00:59:57,855 --> 01:00:00,074
that the Impossible Burger

1046
01:00:00,074 --> 01:00:04,383
represents a good alternative
to meat as we now produce it.

1047
01:00:04,383 --> 01:00:08,648
It doesn't have hormones in it,
no antibiotics in it.

1048
01:00:08,648 --> 01:00:10,432
But make no mistake,

1049
01:00:10,432 --> 01:00:12,783
this is built
on commodity agriculture,

1050
01:00:12,783 --> 01:00:16,656
and it's
an ultra-processed food.

1051
01:00:16,656 --> 01:00:20,051
So there are trade-offs.

1052
01:00:20,051 --> 01:00:22,793
I like a burger experience
as much as the next guy,

1053
01:00:22,793 --> 01:00:26,840
and if I can have it
without implicating a cow

1054
01:00:26,840 --> 01:00:29,277
and all the problems
that come with cows,

1055
01:00:29,277 --> 01:00:31,323
maybe that's a good thing.

1056
01:00:33,542 --> 01:00:36,328
We are at
a very interesting moment.

1057
01:00:36,328 --> 01:00:39,244
Food science is being dedicated
to a nobler goal

1058
01:00:39,244 --> 01:00:41,463
than it has in the past:

1059
01:00:41,463 --> 01:00:44,684
to move us off
of a heavy meat diet,

1060
01:00:44,684 --> 01:00:47,818
onto a more plant-based diet.

1061
01:00:47,818 --> 01:00:49,689
The Impossible Burger is now

1062
01:00:49,689 --> 01:00:51,691
in every Burger King
in the country.

1063
01:00:51,691 --> 01:00:54,085
There's a willingness
on the part of the consumer

1064
01:00:54,085 --> 01:00:55,608
to experiment
with these products.

1065
01:00:55,608 --> 01:00:58,655
But they're... questionable.

1066
01:00:58,655 --> 01:01:02,789
Um, they may solve one problem
and create another.

1067
01:01:02,789 --> 01:01:04,704
I think the thing
that troubles me most

1068
01:01:04,704 --> 01:01:08,142
is the implication
that this is health food.

1069
01:01:08,142 --> 01:01:10,144
Because the phrase
"plant-based"

1070
01:01:10,144 --> 01:01:13,757
has a, has this aura
of greenness,

1071
01:01:13,757 --> 01:01:18,762
of health,
and that is deceptive.

1072
01:01:22,287 --> 01:01:24,245
My relationship with food

1073
01:01:24,245 --> 01:01:25,943
is complicated.

1074
01:01:25,943 --> 01:01:27,596
Very complicated.

1075
01:01:28,772 --> 01:01:31,078
Because I have type 1 diabetes.

1076
01:01:34,125 --> 01:01:35,909
You know, I think
most of us love food,

1077
01:01:35,909 --> 01:01:39,434
but we don't have to think
about it every day, every hour.

1078
01:01:41,306 --> 01:01:44,744
I measure my blood sugar
before and after every meal,

1079
01:01:44,744 --> 01:01:46,354
and the simpler I eat,

1080
01:01:46,354 --> 01:01:48,661
the more level
my blood sugar is.

1081
01:01:55,537 --> 01:01:56,843
As a journalist,

1082
01:01:56,843 --> 01:01:59,541
I am very much interested
in new foods.

1083
01:01:59,541 --> 01:02:02,588
...been able to extract
proteins from it.

1084
01:02:02,588 --> 01:02:04,851
I needed to find out
how they were made,

1085
01:02:04,851 --> 01:02:07,549
find out what it might mean
for my own body.

1086
01:02:07,549 --> 01:02:09,160
Is it clean label?
Like what does it...

1087
01:02:09,160 --> 01:02:10,465
- As clean as it gets.
- Yeah.

1088
01:02:10,465 --> 01:02:12,511
Our products are
95% mushroom roots,

1089
01:02:12,511 --> 01:02:14,034
with some flavoring.

1090
01:02:14,034 --> 01:02:15,862
We've got
this super salmon filet

1091
01:02:15,862 --> 01:02:20,998
made entirely out of plants,
without hurting a single fish.

1092
01:02:20,998 --> 01:02:22,956
ZIMBEROFF [voice-over]:
I worry that

1093
01:02:22,956 --> 01:02:24,784
these new food companies,

1094
01:02:24,784 --> 01:02:27,656
um, are following
the footsteps of Big Food

1095
01:02:27,656 --> 01:02:29,963
with foods that
are empty calories,

1096
01:02:29,963 --> 01:02:32,139
high-impact on my blood sugar.

1097
01:02:32,139 --> 01:02:34,402
Now, what are the proteins
that you're producing?

1098
01:02:34,402 --> 01:02:36,709
That's something we can't talk
about it, kind of right now.

1099
01:02:36,709 --> 01:02:38,972
ZIMBEROFF [voice-over]:
These founders of start-ups

1100
01:02:38,972 --> 01:02:43,324
have compelling ideas that
they're so passionate about.

1101
01:02:43,324 --> 01:02:44,978
So, at Sundial Foods,
we're making

1102
01:02:44,978 --> 01:02:46,806
plant-based chicken wings
with only eight ingredients.

1103
01:02:46,806 --> 01:02:48,634
And you are
the founders of the company?

1104
01:02:48,634 --> 01:02:50,114
We're both cofounders.

1105
01:02:50,114 --> 01:02:51,637
We actually met in a class
in UC Berkeley,

1106
01:02:51,637 --> 01:02:54,379
so all of this started
as a school project.

1107
01:02:55,859 --> 01:02:57,817
ZIMBEROFF [voice-over]:
The new food has become

1108
01:02:57,817 --> 01:03:01,081
the cause
for every tech investor.

1109
01:03:01,081 --> 01:03:02,822
They want something
in their playbook

1110
01:03:02,822 --> 01:03:05,738
that speaks
to saving the world.

1111
01:03:05,738 --> 01:03:07,435
- We-we produce dairy
without a cow.
- Okay.

1112
01:03:07,435 --> 01:03:09,829
So, we've made
molecular coffee.

1113
01:03:09,829 --> 01:03:12,832
We're the first ones to make it
without coffee beans.

1114
01:03:12,832 --> 01:03:16,575
So, it's uh, world's first uh,
real honey made without bees.

1115
01:03:16,575 --> 01:03:18,359
ZIMBEROFF [voice-over]: Some
of these start-ups are raising

1116
01:03:18,359 --> 01:03:19,970
hundreds of millions
of dollars.

1117
01:03:21,232 --> 01:03:23,277
Tyson, JBS,

1118
01:03:23,277 --> 01:03:24,626
Hormel, they've all invested

1119
01:03:24,626 --> 01:03:27,847
in alternative meat companies.

1120
01:03:27,847 --> 01:03:30,023
But what happens down the road?

1121
01:03:30,023 --> 01:03:34,680
These big companies are only
thinking about their profit.

1122
01:03:34,680 --> 01:03:37,378
What's it going to be like
for the everyday consumer

1123
01:03:37,378 --> 01:03:38,902
walking through
the supermarket?

1124
01:03:38,902 --> 01:03:42,340
How will they navigate
the new landscape?

1125
01:03:45,038 --> 01:03:48,128
POLLAN [voice-over]:
So now, food made by scientists

1126
01:03:48,128 --> 01:03:50,304
has led to cultured meat.

1127
01:03:50,304 --> 01:03:53,612
Meat that is the multiplication
of actual meat cells.

1128
01:03:53,612 --> 01:03:55,005
This really is meat.

1129
01:03:55,005 --> 01:03:56,876
So this is called EPIC.

1130
01:03:56,876 --> 01:03:58,269
When I was practicing

1131
01:03:58,269 --> 01:04:00,488
as a cardiologist,
the question was,

1132
01:04:00,488 --> 01:04:04,014
what if I practiced
for the next 35 years?

1133
01:04:04,014 --> 01:04:05,667
I would likely be,
you know, involved

1134
01:04:05,667 --> 01:04:08,757
in saving 3,000, 4,000 lives.

1135
01:04:08,757 --> 01:04:12,326
But what if we could start

1136
01:04:12,326 --> 01:04:15,155
saving trillions
of animal lives

1137
01:04:15,155 --> 01:04:19,159
and also, positively affecting
billions of human lives?

1138
01:04:20,204 --> 01:04:21,988
When I was working
at the Mayo Clinic,

1139
01:04:21,988 --> 01:04:23,511
we would have patients
that would come

1140
01:04:23,511 --> 01:04:25,992
with a very large heart attack.

1141
01:04:25,992 --> 01:04:28,777
So we would take stem cells
from that patient

1142
01:04:28,777 --> 01:04:30,692
and we would reinject them
into the heart,

1143
01:04:30,692 --> 01:04:32,042
to regrow the heart muscle.

1144
01:04:32,042 --> 01:04:34,609
That's where my idea came from,

1145
01:04:34,609 --> 01:04:37,612
of growing meat
directly from animal cells.

1146
01:04:39,179 --> 01:04:41,007
POLLAN [voice-over]:
I always want to know,

1147
01:04:41,007 --> 01:04:44,619
"How does this product
connect to the farmland,

1148
01:04:44,619 --> 01:04:45,751
"to the earth?

1149
01:04:45,751 --> 01:04:47,448
What's its relation to nature?"

1150
01:04:48,493 --> 01:04:51,365
Here,
you're not on any kind of farm.

1151
01:04:51,365 --> 01:04:53,019
You're back in a lab

1152
01:04:53,019 --> 01:04:57,806
manufacturing a broth
out of amino acids.

1153
01:04:57,806 --> 01:05:00,505
So, any of these
cultivators here

1154
01:05:00,505 --> 01:05:02,507
- can grow chicken or beef...
- Yeah.

1155
01:05:02,507 --> 01:05:04,726
- ...or pork or...
- The same cultivators...

1156
01:05:04,726 --> 01:05:06,163
- Essentially.
- ...depending, and you can put

1157
01:05:06,163 --> 01:05:07,991
- different things in them.
- Any species.

1158
01:05:09,470 --> 01:05:11,777
Essentially, we've got
a couple of tanks here

1159
01:05:11,777 --> 01:05:14,171
that are holding
the-the feed for the cells.

1160
01:05:14,171 --> 01:05:16,477
And, uh, we have recipes
of nutrients

1161
01:05:16,477 --> 01:05:20,046
for each type of animal
that we're making.

1162
01:05:20,046 --> 01:05:22,353
- There's actually chicken
in there.
- Yeah, there's chicken.

1163
01:05:22,353 --> 01:05:23,571
Imagine that this is outside
of the--

1164
01:05:23,571 --> 01:05:25,486
this is the body of an animal.

1165
01:05:25,486 --> 01:05:28,011
- Right.
- Inside of it,
there's cells that are growing.

1166
01:05:28,011 --> 01:05:30,013
Those cells are doubling
every 24 hours,

1167
01:05:30,013 --> 01:05:31,623
and after a certain number
of doublings,

1168
01:05:31,623 --> 01:05:33,364
you have a lot
of cells in there.

1169
01:05:33,364 --> 01:05:35,714
In a, in-- for instance,
a cultivator like this,

1170
01:05:35,714 --> 01:05:38,325
every five days
you can have a batch of meat.

1171
01:05:39,413 --> 01:05:41,372
Meat of the future
could be local,

1172
01:05:41,372 --> 01:05:43,461
it could be regional.

1173
01:05:43,461 --> 01:05:46,159
Just like you go out
and see beer being made,

1174
01:05:46,159 --> 01:05:47,856
you can also go and see how
your meat's being made.

1175
01:05:47,856 --> 01:05:49,032
Mm-hmm.

1176
01:05:50,337 --> 01:05:51,904
This is all chicken.

1177
01:05:51,904 --> 01:05:53,950
I was gonna ask you about
the ingredient label.

1178
01:05:53,950 --> 01:05:55,864
It'll be "chicken cells."

1179
01:05:56,865 --> 01:05:58,476
So, when we started off,

1180
01:05:58,476 --> 01:06:01,740
that small piece would be
a couple of thousand dollars.

1181
01:06:01,740 --> 01:06:04,221
And the challenge is to make it
at a cost that is affordable.

1182
01:06:04,221 --> 01:06:06,571
Ultimately,
in five to ten years,

1183
01:06:06,571 --> 01:06:08,573
we'll be able to get the prices
that are very similar

1184
01:06:08,573 --> 01:06:11,184
to what people will be used
to paying for, let's say,

1185
01:06:11,184 --> 01:06:12,794
- an animal that is butchered.
- Right.

1186
01:06:20,672 --> 01:06:22,108
Could've fooled me.

1187
01:06:23,762 --> 01:06:26,504
In fact, we were fooled.

1188
01:06:26,504 --> 01:06:29,768
We subsequently learned that
the chicken breast I sampled

1189
01:06:29,768 --> 01:06:33,032
did not come from the tanks
we were shown

1190
01:06:33,032 --> 01:06:36,166
but from a more costly
and labor-intensive process.

1191
01:06:36,166 --> 01:06:39,343
The technology to produce
whole-cut chicken at scale

1192
01:06:39,343 --> 01:06:42,694
is not as close as the industry
would have us believe.

1193
01:06:45,088 --> 01:06:48,700
If alternative meat products
can help shrink

1194
01:06:48,700 --> 01:06:52,182
the industrial meat system,
that'd be great.

1195
01:06:52,182 --> 01:06:54,445
But I think there is
a place for animals

1196
01:06:54,445 --> 01:06:57,578
in American agriculture,
in any agriculture.

1197
01:06:57,578 --> 01:07:00,494
When it's done sustainably
and animals are used

1198
01:07:00,494 --> 01:07:03,410
in such a way
that they're feeding the soil,

1199
01:07:03,410 --> 01:07:05,108
feeding the plants.

1200
01:07:05,108 --> 01:07:07,066
Uh, that you have
this closed loop

1201
01:07:07,066 --> 01:07:10,417
of animals and plants,
recycling nutrients.

1202
01:07:10,417 --> 01:07:12,767
That's a sustainable farm
to me.

1203
01:07:12,767 --> 01:07:15,814
So I don't think the goal
needs to be eliminating meat,

1204
01:07:15,814 --> 01:07:17,859
but we sure need to shrink
the meat system.

1205
01:07:17,859 --> 01:07:20,297
There's no question about that.

1206
01:07:32,439 --> 01:07:33,875
SMITH [voice-over]:
Last Friday,

1207
01:07:33,875 --> 01:07:36,487
I resigned, uh,
from my position

1208
01:07:36,487 --> 01:07:40,099
as a, uh, Pioneer seed rep

1209
01:07:40,099 --> 01:07:43,233
so that I can put
a lot more focus

1210
01:07:43,233 --> 01:07:47,541
into, uh, this project that's
called The Stock Cropper.

1211
01:07:49,282 --> 01:07:51,719
I think a lot of people
will look at it and think,

1212
01:07:51,719 --> 01:07:54,635
"Zack,
you're completely insane."

1213
01:07:54,635 --> 01:07:57,073
It's probably a...

1214
01:07:57,073 --> 01:07:59,727
probably a well-placed,
uh, criticism.

1215
01:08:02,513 --> 01:08:04,819
With The Stock
Cropper, we've devised

1216
01:08:04,819 --> 01:08:07,518
a farming system
that is truly regenerative,

1217
01:08:07,518 --> 01:08:09,868
good for the soil,
good for the environment...

1218
01:08:11,957 --> 01:08:15,743
...in a more positive direction
for the future of agriculture

1219
01:08:15,743 --> 01:08:18,268
than the one
we're currently on.

1220
01:08:21,488 --> 01:08:23,795
This barn is mobile,
so that our animals

1221
01:08:23,795 --> 01:08:27,799
are always passing into
fresh ground, fresh pasture.

1222
01:08:30,236 --> 01:08:33,065
So we have our ruminant animals
out front,

1223
01:08:33,065 --> 01:08:36,112
uh, like my friend
the sheep here,

1224
01:08:36,112 --> 01:08:38,201
and what their job is to do
is to be the lawn mowers

1225
01:08:38,201 --> 01:08:42,422
and mow down the pasture
and process that vegetation.

1226
01:08:42,422 --> 01:08:45,686
And then, following behind
the sheep and goats,

1227
01:08:45,686 --> 01:08:48,254
we have the pigs.

1228
01:08:48,254 --> 01:08:50,561
The pigs graze on what's left,
and their snouts

1229
01:08:50,561 --> 01:08:53,520
are essentially our tillers
to kind of move the soil around

1230
01:08:53,520 --> 01:08:56,044
and incorporate
some of the manures.

1231
01:08:57,176 --> 01:08:59,526
Our animals are our
manure spreaders

1232
01:08:59,526 --> 01:09:02,094
as we move through the field.

1233
01:09:02,094 --> 01:09:06,229
And then, the annual pasture
is allowed to regenerate.

1234
01:09:07,882 --> 01:09:10,233
What we're in right now
is only about

1235
01:09:10,233 --> 01:09:14,062
three weeks since it was grazed
and we already got regrowth.

1236
01:09:14,062 --> 01:09:15,890
So, the beauty of this system
is we're putting livestock

1237
01:09:15,890 --> 01:09:18,545
back on the land,
but we're doing it in a fashion

1238
01:09:18,545 --> 01:09:20,243
that holds nutrients in place

1239
01:09:20,243 --> 01:09:23,550
so they'll be available
to next year's crop.

1240
01:09:25,900 --> 01:09:28,076
You know, this system
is completely different

1241
01:09:28,076 --> 01:09:31,819
than the conventional system
I use on the rest of my farm,

1242
01:09:31,819 --> 01:09:34,735
where we have to replace
a lot of the things

1243
01:09:34,735 --> 01:09:36,824
that these animals
are doing naturally,

1244
01:09:36,824 --> 01:09:40,915
uh, with synthetic fertilizers
and pesticides.

1245
01:09:44,702 --> 01:09:46,747
And the end product
is a higher quality,

1246
01:09:46,747 --> 01:09:49,402
tastier meat animal.

1247
01:09:49,402 --> 01:09:51,491
Something that's
a premium product

1248
01:09:51,491 --> 01:09:55,016
to add value
to my farming operation.

1249
01:09:57,715 --> 01:09:59,195
ART CULLEN [voice-over]:
Well, Zack,

1250
01:09:59,195 --> 01:10:01,371
until recently,
you were a Pioneer dealer.

1251
01:10:01,371 --> 01:10:03,373
That's correct, I was.

1252
01:10:03,373 --> 01:10:07,072
- But you gave it up?
- I did. I gave it up.

1253
01:10:07,072 --> 01:10:09,553
You gonna take a hit
on your income, then?

1254
01:10:09,553 --> 01:10:12,033
- Yeah, for sure.
- Yeah.

1255
01:10:12,033 --> 01:10:14,384
- Yeah.
- Why would you do that?

1256
01:10:14,384 --> 01:10:16,864
'Cause I wanted
to wake up in the morning

1257
01:10:16,864 --> 01:10:18,692
and believe in
what I was doing.

1258
01:10:18,692 --> 01:10:21,521
I see the path that...

1259
01:10:21,521 --> 01:10:23,436
what the current
commodity game is on,

1260
01:10:23,436 --> 01:10:26,831
and it's a path that, uh,
it doesn't do a lot of good

1261
01:10:26,831 --> 01:10:29,268
for the things I'm passionate
about, which is the land

1262
01:10:29,268 --> 01:10:32,097
and water quality
and c-communities and...

1263
01:10:32,097 --> 01:10:34,926
Um, I could've kept on doing
that same stuff,

1264
01:10:34,926 --> 01:10:37,885
uh, or I could've said,

1265
01:10:37,885 --> 01:10:39,496
"I've got this alternative
system and maybe

1266
01:10:39,496 --> 01:10:41,324
this will provide
some opportunity,"

1267
01:10:41,324 --> 01:10:43,413
and I s-- you know, you only
live once, take a chance.

1268
01:10:43,413 --> 01:10:48,505
And so, what will the old boys
think when you, when you say,

1269
01:10:48,505 --> 01:10:50,376
"I'm gonna have goats
in a cage...

1270
01:10:50,376 --> 01:10:52,204
"...and give up
my Pioneer dealership?"

1271
01:10:52,204 --> 01:10:54,554
I-I'm just happy that I can
provide entertainment

1272
01:10:54,554 --> 01:10:56,687
and something for them to talk
about in the coffee shop.

1273
01:10:56,687 --> 01:10:58,297
That's my contribution
to the community.

1274
01:10:58,297 --> 01:10:59,951
Oh,
that's good. Yeah.
- Yeah.

1275
01:10:59,951 --> 01:11:01,822
It's my way to give back.

1276
01:11:04,347 --> 01:11:07,915
So this is what I mean
by "Iowa bullion."

1277
01:11:07,915 --> 01:11:09,917
You know, there's a lot of
places in the world

1278
01:11:09,917 --> 01:11:11,615
that would kill
to have dirt like this,

1279
01:11:11,615 --> 01:11:14,835
and that's why I want to keep
every inch of it here,

1280
01:11:14,835 --> 01:11:17,011
uh, on my family's land
where it belongs.

1281
01:11:17,011 --> 01:11:19,927
Not blowing in the wintertime,
into the ditch.

1282
01:11:19,927 --> 01:11:21,668
Or not, you know, washing off,

1283
01:11:21,668 --> 01:11:23,975
you know, through the low spot
into the crick.

1284
01:11:23,975 --> 01:11:25,455
This is, this is what,
this is--

1285
01:11:25,455 --> 01:11:28,284
- this is wealth right here.
- Right. Right.

1286
01:11:28,284 --> 01:11:30,677
Well, I mean, the corn
looks beautiful, really.

1287
01:11:30,677 --> 01:11:32,549
Yeah.

1288
01:11:35,073 --> 01:11:36,988
There's
definitely an excitement

1289
01:11:36,988 --> 01:11:38,337
about The Stock Cropper.

1290
01:11:38,337 --> 01:11:40,339
I've attracted
a lot of other people

1291
01:11:40,339 --> 01:11:42,863
that farm weird,
uh, like myself.

1292
01:11:44,169 --> 01:11:45,562
We're gonna walk down
through this path here,

1293
01:11:45,562 --> 01:11:46,867
if you follow me.

1294
01:11:49,696 --> 01:11:51,872
Okay, so this is
the-the original system.

1295
01:11:51,872 --> 01:11:56,050
We basically did sheep and
goats out front, pigs behind.

1296
01:11:56,050 --> 01:11:58,357
You can barely smell
these hogs.

1297
01:11:58,357 --> 01:12:01,621
Outside a typical hog
confinement building,

1298
01:12:01,621 --> 01:12:03,623
you'd be retching right now.

1299
01:12:03,623 --> 01:12:05,451
SMITH [voice-over]: When you
explain that the animals

1300
01:12:05,451 --> 01:12:07,192
are feeding the plants

1301
01:12:07,192 --> 01:12:08,628
and the plants are feeding
the animals,

1302
01:12:08,628 --> 01:12:11,283
and it's all happening
in this one space,

1303
01:12:11,283 --> 01:12:13,372
you can see the looks
in their eyes.

1304
01:12:13,372 --> 01:12:15,026
They got what we were doing.

1305
01:12:15,026 --> 01:12:17,028
So now the moment, uh,

1306
01:12:17,028 --> 01:12:18,769
that we've all been
waiting for.

1307
01:12:18,769 --> 01:12:21,380
The new Clustercluck Nano here.

1308
01:12:21,380 --> 01:12:24,035
In order to really,
truly be scalable,

1309
01:12:24,035 --> 01:12:27,473
you have to have the ability
to have autonomous movement

1310
01:12:27,473 --> 01:12:29,475
without being here.

1311
01:12:29,475 --> 01:12:31,912
This is solar-powered,
electrically driven,

1312
01:12:31,912 --> 01:12:33,305
on a programmable basis.

1313
01:12:33,305 --> 01:12:35,133
This is a big deal.

1314
01:12:35,133 --> 01:12:37,222
And I've got folks
that are really interested,

1315
01:12:37,222 --> 01:12:39,311
but they're also skeptical

1316
01:12:39,311 --> 01:12:42,358
because they see the challenges
to scale this up.

1317
01:12:43,315 --> 01:12:45,143
1898, we had a tractor.

1318
01:12:45,143 --> 01:12:47,101
- Yeah.
- We could use it.

1319
01:12:47,101 --> 01:12:50,191
Took clear till
the '50s, 1950s,

1320
01:12:50,191 --> 01:12:51,628
- to get rid of the horses.
- Right.

1321
01:12:51,628 --> 01:12:53,238
So, I mean,

1322
01:12:53,238 --> 01:12:54,544
you're dealing with a crowd

1323
01:12:54,544 --> 01:12:56,415
- that does not like change.
- Yeah.

1324
01:12:56,415 --> 01:12:58,330
And that's okay,
but change comes eventually,

1325
01:12:58,330 --> 01:13:00,288
and we're hoping that we're...

1326
01:13:00,288 --> 01:13:04,423
betting on the right,
the right horse, so to speak.

1327
01:13:04,423 --> 01:13:06,469
The biggest issue right now

1328
01:13:06,469 --> 01:13:08,688
is that the big four
meat companies

1329
01:13:08,688 --> 01:13:10,821
have essentially
blocked the path

1330
01:13:10,821 --> 01:13:14,259
for independent producers
to process livestock.

1331
01:13:15,826 --> 01:13:18,698
And what we need is a shift
in policy that makes possible

1332
01:13:18,698 --> 01:13:21,962
smaller and regional
packing facilities.

1333
01:13:21,962 --> 01:13:23,660
That will open up
the floodgates

1334
01:13:23,660 --> 01:13:27,141
for farmers to get
their products to consumers.

1335
01:13:34,279 --> 01:13:36,629
My passion in this
is to create a system

1336
01:13:36,629 --> 01:13:39,415
where there's more farmers
out here like myself

1337
01:13:39,415 --> 01:13:41,112
being able to feed
their family with--

1338
01:13:41,112 --> 01:13:44,115
instead of thousands of acres,
maybe several hundred?

1339
01:13:45,551 --> 01:13:50,556
And produce
high-quality food products.

1340
01:13:50,556 --> 01:13:52,297
That's my dream.

1341
01:14:01,611 --> 01:14:02,786
All right.

1342
01:14:02,786 --> 01:14:04,788
Here we go.

1343
01:14:09,096 --> 01:14:11,055
I used to be a fisherman

1344
01:14:11,055 --> 01:14:14,014
chasing fish around the globe.

1345
01:14:14,014 --> 01:14:16,887
You name it I fished it:
tuna, herring,

1346
01:14:16,887 --> 01:14:18,366
lobster, cod.

1347
01:14:19,411 --> 01:14:20,804
It was great,

1348
01:14:20,804 --> 01:14:22,936
you know,
fishing day and night,

1349
01:14:22,936 --> 01:14:25,330
being in the belly of a boat
months at a time.

1350
01:14:27,158 --> 01:14:30,074
The problem was, I was fishing

1351
01:14:30,074 --> 01:14:32,729
at the height
of industrial, extractive

1352
01:14:32,729 --> 01:14:34,426
food production.

1353
01:14:35,514 --> 01:14:38,474
Huge trawlers
with half-mile nets

1354
01:14:38,474 --> 01:14:40,171
ripping up ecosystems.

1355
01:14:42,608 --> 01:14:44,654
And so, we got too good
at what we did.

1356
01:14:46,307 --> 01:14:49,354
The answer everybody told us
was fish farming.

1357
01:14:49,354 --> 01:14:51,574
I was gonna help
feed the planet

1358
01:14:51,574 --> 01:14:54,490
and I was still gonna be
able to work on the water.

1359
01:14:54,490 --> 01:14:58,015
The smell of fish was still
gonna come home with me.

1360
01:14:58,015 --> 01:15:01,497
So I went out to these pens,
and I'm pulling them out.

1361
01:15:01,497 --> 01:15:04,108
And it's neither fish nor food,
they got a grey color,

1362
01:15:04,108 --> 01:15:05,805
there's sea lice on them.

1363
01:15:05,805 --> 01:15:09,983
I swear to God, they're
stupider than regular fish.

1364
01:15:09,983 --> 01:15:12,638
And so, it's borrowing
all the bad practices

1365
01:15:12,638 --> 01:15:14,640
that are happening on land.

1366
01:15:14,640 --> 01:15:17,556
Heavy use of pesticides, antibiotics.

1367
01:15:17,556 --> 01:15:20,516
This was industrial pig farming
out in the ocean.

1368
01:15:24,345 --> 01:15:26,696
So I ended up just really
trying to figure out

1369
01:15:26,696 --> 01:15:29,481
how do I be
a steward of the sea

1370
01:15:29,481 --> 01:15:33,006
and switch from pillaging
to regeneration?

1371
01:15:34,007 --> 01:15:35,574
I asked the ocean,

1372
01:15:35,574 --> 01:15:37,794
"What does it make sense
to grow?"

1373
01:15:37,794 --> 01:15:40,231
And it says,
"Why don't you grow things

1374
01:15:40,231 --> 01:15:42,276
"that don't swim away,

1375
01:15:42,276 --> 01:15:44,452
"that you don't have to feed

1376
01:15:44,452 --> 01:15:47,760
and that breathe life
back into the ocean?"

1377
01:15:48,761 --> 01:15:51,634
So I decided to grow kelp.

1378
01:15:53,679 --> 01:15:55,681
I mean this
is an embarrassing thing

1379
01:15:55,681 --> 01:15:58,118
for a fisherman to do, right,
growing plants underwater?

1380
01:15:58,118 --> 01:15:59,598
When I first came down,

1381
01:15:59,598 --> 01:16:01,861
I was getting l-laughed
off the docks.

1382
01:16:01,861 --> 01:16:04,560
I lied to people, told them
I was growing hemp underwater,

1383
01:16:04,560 --> 01:16:06,474
which seemed like
it was a little better.

1384
01:16:08,651 --> 01:16:12,611
You can see the white buoys
out there in the distance.

1385
01:16:12,611 --> 01:16:14,570
That's our ten-acre farm.

1386
01:16:16,572 --> 01:16:18,530
Below the surface,
we're able to pack

1387
01:16:18,530 --> 01:16:22,447
so many crops along
that vertical water column.

1388
01:16:22,447 --> 01:16:26,407
We have our kelp at one level,
then we've got our mussels

1389
01:16:26,407 --> 01:16:30,020
and our scallops
and our oysters and clams.

1390
01:16:31,935 --> 01:16:35,112
The power of the ocean is that
I don't need to fertilize

1391
01:16:35,112 --> 01:16:37,157
like a corn farmer.

1392
01:16:37,157 --> 01:16:38,811
You don't need tractors,

1393
01:16:38,811 --> 01:16:40,987
you don't need buildings,
you don't need to buy land.

1394
01:16:43,599 --> 01:16:45,644
Every one of our oysters,
all our kelp,

1395
01:16:45,644 --> 01:16:48,560
also is restoring
our ecosystem.

1396
01:16:48,560 --> 01:16:51,868
An oyster filters
50 gallons of water a day.

1397
01:16:51,868 --> 01:16:54,784
And our kelp soaks up
five times more carbon

1398
01:16:54,784 --> 01:16:57,090
than land-based plants.

1399
01:16:59,615 --> 01:17:02,182
I really believe that kelp

1400
01:17:02,182 --> 01:17:04,837
is gonna be the most
sustainable food on the planet.

1401
01:17:09,668 --> 01:17:12,062
As a chef, I'm always looking
for new ingredients,

1402
01:17:12,062 --> 01:17:13,498
new flavors.

1403
01:17:13,498 --> 01:17:15,456
Kelp is amazing

1404
01:17:15,456 --> 01:17:18,590
because not only can I use it
like an herb,

1405
01:17:18,590 --> 01:17:23,029
but also, I can sauté it really
simply the way I would spinach.

1406
01:17:25,553 --> 01:17:27,251
Kelp dolmades.

1407
01:17:27,251 --> 01:17:28,644
MINGRONE [voice-over]:
Trying new things just needs

1408
01:17:28,644 --> 01:17:30,515
to become the normal

1409
01:17:30,515 --> 01:17:32,909
instead of something
that's outlandish or weird.

1410
01:17:32,909 --> 01:17:35,912
You know, sushi wasn't even
widely accepted

1411
01:17:35,912 --> 01:17:38,131
until relatively recently.

1412
01:17:39,176 --> 01:17:41,308
Kelp is affordable,
it's nutritious,

1413
01:17:41,308 --> 01:17:44,747
and it will absolutely be
a part of the future of food.

1414
01:17:50,100 --> 01:17:51,971
The question is what kind

1415
01:17:51,971 --> 01:17:54,147
of industry will we have
going forward?

1416
01:17:55,671 --> 01:17:57,673
Is this gonna be
about thousand-acre farms

1417
01:17:57,673 --> 01:17:59,849
owned by a couple
global companies?

1418
01:17:59,849 --> 01:18:03,069
Or is it gonna be about
thousands of ten-acre farms

1419
01:18:03,069 --> 01:18:04,288
dotting our coastline?

1420
01:18:05,419 --> 01:18:08,509
Replication,
that's what's powerful,

1421
01:18:08,509 --> 01:18:10,686
not consolidation.

1422
01:18:12,688 --> 01:18:17,649
There is another way here
that we can be proud of.

1423
01:18:18,519 --> 01:18:20,913
We got really good
at fishing, right?

1424
01:18:20,913 --> 01:18:23,133
Too good.
Maybe we'll really get good

1425
01:18:23,133 --> 01:18:24,917
at solutions this time around.

1426
01:18:35,145 --> 01:18:36,755
CHAVEZ [voice-over]:
Here in Florida,

1427
01:18:36,755 --> 01:18:40,324
the Fair Food Program
has implemented agreements

1428
01:18:40,324 --> 01:18:42,935
with growers from
the agricultural industry.

1429
01:18:45,329 --> 01:18:47,766
Now, there is a code of conduct

1430
01:18:47,766 --> 01:18:51,291
that guarantees
that the abuses that happen

1431
01:18:51,291 --> 01:18:54,773
will not be tolerated.

1432
01:18:54,773 --> 01:18:59,430
Workers are protected
to speak free of retaliation,

1433
01:18:59,430 --> 01:19:03,521
and they receive a bonus
at the end of the week.

1434
01:19:03,521 --> 01:19:06,393
So it's an increase in wages.

1435
01:19:08,831 --> 01:19:10,702
ESFORMES [voice-over]: When we
signed the Fair Food agreement,

1436
01:19:10,702 --> 01:19:14,706
I got some pretty nasty
phone calls

1437
01:19:14,706 --> 01:19:18,057
from our competitors/friends
in the industry.

1438
01:19:18,057 --> 01:19:21,757
"Does it impact
my bottom line?" Sure.

1439
01:19:21,757 --> 01:19:24,455
But doing the right thing,
running a clean business,

1440
01:19:24,455 --> 01:19:28,459
is always gonna cost more
than breaking the fucking law.

1441
01:19:30,113 --> 01:19:32,115
Today, 90% of the tomatoes

1442
01:19:32,115 --> 01:19:33,943
being produced in Florida

1443
01:19:33,943 --> 01:19:35,771
are covered
by the Fair Food agreement.

1444
01:19:38,164 --> 01:19:39,949
CHAVEZ [voice-over]:
And 14 corporations

1445
01:19:39,949 --> 01:19:44,083
that buy from these growers
have signed onto it.

1446
01:19:45,432 --> 01:19:48,784
But not everybody
has come on board.

1447
01:19:48,784 --> 01:19:53,353
Wendy's decided
to actually cut purchases

1448
01:19:53,353 --> 01:19:57,662
from growers for adhering
to the Fair Food Program.

1449
01:19:57,662 --> 01:20:01,884
Instead, they went to Mexico
to buy from mega-farms

1450
01:20:01,884 --> 01:20:05,670
that do not respect
the rights of the workers.

1451
01:20:05,670 --> 01:20:07,672
SCHLOSSER [voice-over]:
If Wendy's were to join

1452
01:20:07,672 --> 01:20:10,849
the Fair Food Program
and pay an extra penny a pound

1453
01:20:10,849 --> 01:20:16,289
to farm workers, it would cost
maybe $500,000 a year.

1454
01:20:16,289 --> 01:20:19,945
It's a tiny portion
of their annual revenue

1455
01:20:19,945 --> 01:20:22,948
and might increase the cost
of a Wendy's hamburger

1456
01:20:22,948 --> 01:20:28,388
by 1/30th of a penny.

1457
01:20:28,388 --> 01:20:30,521
CHAVEZ [voice-over]:
There are other corporations

1458
01:20:30,521 --> 01:20:34,525
that refuse to participate
on the Fair Food program.

1459
01:20:34,525 --> 01:20:36,701
But if they would
sign on to it,

1460
01:20:36,701 --> 01:20:40,748
then we would see an increase
in wages of almost double.

1461
01:20:42,054 --> 01:20:46,363
And now, the Fair Food Program
has become the blueprint

1462
01:20:46,363 --> 01:20:50,410
for labor relationships in many
other parts of the country.

1463
01:20:57,156 --> 01:20:59,115
MONTEIRO [voice-over]:
In Latin America,

1464
01:20:59,115 --> 01:21:01,900
many countries
are making progress

1465
01:21:01,900 --> 01:21:05,817
to reduce consumption
of ultra-processed foods.

1466
01:21:07,601 --> 01:21:10,909
In Chile, they use
black warning labels

1467
01:21:10,909 --> 01:21:14,478
saying "too much sugar,"
"too much saturated fat,"

1468
01:21:14,478 --> 01:21:15,914
"too much calories."

1469
01:21:15,914 --> 01:21:18,525
And in Mexico,
for instance, they say,

1470
01:21:18,525 --> 01:21:21,224
if a product has
a warning label,

1471
01:21:21,224 --> 01:21:23,574
they cannot have
anything other thing

1472
01:21:23,574 --> 01:21:25,228
saying the product is good.

1473
01:21:25,228 --> 01:21:27,360
No health claims.

1474
01:21:29,667 --> 01:21:31,103
In Brazil,

1475
01:21:31,103 --> 01:21:33,627
every day,
we have 40 million meals

1476
01:21:33,627 --> 01:21:36,892
prepared in public schools.

1477
01:21:37,936 --> 01:21:39,895
COOK [speaking Portuguese]:

1478
01:21:49,905 --> 01:21:51,297
MONTEIRO [voice-over]:
The Brazilian dietary policy

1479
01:21:51,297 --> 01:21:53,386
is that real food is essential.

1480
01:21:53,386 --> 01:21:55,388
Cooking is essential.

1481
01:21:55,388 --> 01:21:59,088
And basically, avoiding
ultra-processed foods.

1482
01:22:03,222 --> 01:22:06,530
Children that
have access to this program,

1483
01:22:06,530 --> 01:22:11,187
really are acquiring
healthy eating habits.

1484
01:22:12,623 --> 01:22:15,234
DANIELA CANELLA

1485
01:22:23,721 --> 01:22:28,291
This program promotes
the demand for healthy foods.

1486
01:22:28,291 --> 01:22:32,991
The municipalities,
they are obliged by law

1487
01:22:32,991 --> 01:22:37,300
to buy unprocessed
and minimally processed foods.

1488
01:22:37,300 --> 01:22:42,870
And they should buy 30% of food
from local family farmers.

1489
01:23:07,808 --> 01:23:09,767
Come on guys, get in line.

1490
01:23:09,767 --> 01:23:12,422
Normally, school districts

1491
01:23:12,422 --> 01:23:14,946
purchase food from
a distribution company.

1492
01:23:14,946 --> 01:23:16,643
But the Camden
city school district

1493
01:23:16,643 --> 01:23:18,819
is now providing food

1494
01:23:18,819 --> 01:23:21,431
direct from the farmers
to the table

1495
01:23:21,431 --> 01:23:23,824
right in our school cafeterias.

1496
01:23:23,824 --> 01:23:26,740
We have asparagus fries today
with Parmesan and...

1497
01:23:26,740 --> 01:23:28,438
It's so successful.

1498
01:23:28,438 --> 01:23:33,138
There are more students
selecting salads than ever.

1499
01:23:33,138 --> 01:23:35,140
There was a time where they're
gonna walk past it,

1500
01:23:35,140 --> 01:23:37,099
get a cheeseburger,
get tenders, get whatever.

1501
01:23:39,188 --> 01:23:42,278
To be able to serve fresh,
fresh, fresh produce,

1502
01:23:42,278 --> 01:23:44,062
straight from the farm,

1503
01:23:44,062 --> 01:23:47,239
it makes all the difference
in the world.

1504
01:23:47,239 --> 01:23:49,589
It makes them want
to come to school.

1505
01:23:49,589 --> 01:23:51,156
Yeah.

1506
01:23:51,156 --> 01:23:52,723
BROWN [voice-over]:
We're partnering with

1507
01:23:52,723 --> 01:23:55,595
The Common Market
to build relationships

1508
01:23:55,595 --> 01:23:57,293
with our local farmers.

1509
01:23:57,293 --> 01:24:00,731
So those were grown
on farms near here.

1510
01:24:00,731 --> 01:24:03,473
We saw
there needed to be a link

1511
01:24:03,473 --> 01:24:06,476
that connected communities
like ours with the abundance

1512
01:24:06,476 --> 01:24:08,521
of farmland and the abundance
of good food

1513
01:24:08,521 --> 01:24:10,219
that's grown in our region.

1514
01:24:12,134 --> 01:24:14,788
It's largely federal policy

1515
01:24:14,788 --> 01:24:17,182
that is supporting these large,
multinational companies

1516
01:24:17,182 --> 01:24:21,143
who are selling cheap
and processed food.

1517
01:24:21,143 --> 01:24:23,928
Programs like ours demonstrate

1518
01:24:23,928 --> 01:24:25,886
the kind of policy change
that we want to see.

1519
01:24:25,886 --> 01:24:30,500
Policy that's beneficial for
both farmers in rural places

1520
01:24:30,500 --> 01:24:32,676
and urban consumers.

1521
01:24:40,249 --> 01:24:43,165
Buenos días.

1522
01:24:44,209 --> 01:24:46,864
So, you feel
good about the hearing today?

1523
01:24:46,864 --> 01:24:48,431
Yeah.

1524
01:24:48,431 --> 01:24:50,607
The coalition around
these nutrition issues

1525
01:24:50,607 --> 01:24:54,089
has grown from family farmers
to civil rights activists

1526
01:24:54,089 --> 01:24:56,743
to environmental justice
people.

1527
01:24:56,743 --> 01:24:59,137
They see this
potential coalition

1528
01:24:59,137 --> 01:25:02,227
that could really
make real change.

1529
01:25:02,227 --> 01:25:04,969
- Good luck.
- Thank you very much.

1530
01:25:04,969 --> 01:25:06,579
I'm now the chairperson

1531
01:25:06,579 --> 01:25:09,582
of a powerful subcommittee
on nutrition.

1532
01:25:10,627 --> 01:25:12,542
And I want to be a part
of letting people know

1533
01:25:12,542 --> 01:25:15,501
a lot of these pressing
realities that moved me

1534
01:25:15,501 --> 01:25:18,504
to want to deal with
our food system.

1535
01:25:19,766 --> 01:25:21,986
So it's a tremendous privilege

1536
01:25:21,986 --> 01:25:26,338
and responsibility
to focus Washington on an issue

1537
01:25:26,338 --> 01:25:29,124
that I believe is at the center

1538
01:25:29,124 --> 01:25:31,778
of human life, American life.

1539
01:25:31,778 --> 01:25:35,391
Now, let's be clear,
the majority of our food system

1540
01:25:35,391 --> 01:25:38,307
is being now controlled
by just a handful

1541
01:25:38,307 --> 01:25:41,353
of big multinational
corporations.

1542
01:25:41,353 --> 01:25:44,791
These food companies carefully
forment-- uh, formulate

1543
01:25:44,791 --> 01:25:48,317
and market
nutrient-poor, addictive,

1544
01:25:48,317 --> 01:25:53,191
ultra-processed foods
which now comprise two-thirds

1545
01:25:53,191 --> 01:25:55,933
of the calories
in children and teens

1546
01:25:55,933 --> 01:25:57,500
in their diets
in the United States.

1547
01:25:57,500 --> 01:25:59,980
And these companies
want us to believe

1548
01:25:59,980 --> 01:26:02,809
that the resultant
diet-related diseases,

1549
01:26:02,809 --> 01:26:08,337
such as obesity and diabetes,
are somehow a moral failing.

1550
01:26:08,337 --> 01:26:11,078
That they represent
a lack of willpower,

1551
01:26:11,078 --> 01:26:14,038
or a failure
to get enough exercise.

1552
01:26:14,038 --> 01:26:16,258
That-that is just a lie.

1553
01:26:16,258 --> 01:26:18,347
It's a lie.

1554
01:26:18,347 --> 01:26:20,392
And so, I believe
we need to rethink

1555
01:26:20,392 --> 01:26:23,700
the way we approach food
and nutrition policy.

1556
01:26:23,700 --> 01:26:26,659
Our lives literally
depend upon it.

1557
01:26:28,400 --> 01:26:30,576
By fixing our food system,

1558
01:26:30,576 --> 01:26:32,230
we will create
health and well-being

1559
01:26:32,230 --> 01:26:34,537
in-in every aspect
of our lives.

1560
01:26:34,537 --> 01:26:39,106
But the forces of Washington
right now are really invested

1561
01:26:39,106 --> 01:26:41,500
in sustaining
these broken systems.

1562
01:26:41,500 --> 01:26:43,154
Because it's creating
big profit

1563
01:26:43,154 --> 01:26:44,982
for very powerful interests.

1564
01:26:44,982 --> 01:26:48,203
Tyson Foods,
in the last quarter of 2021,

1565
01:26:48,203 --> 01:26:51,771
their net income rose
from $469 million

1566
01:26:51,771 --> 01:26:55,775
to $1.2 billion,
that's one quarter, okay?

1567
01:26:55,775 --> 01:26:57,299
; I've got
a piece of legislation

1568
01:26:57,299 --> 01:26:59,214
right now to put
more transparency

1569
01:26:59,214 --> 01:27:01,694
on those big meatpacking
companies

1570
01:27:01,694 --> 01:27:04,697
and have a special investigator
with subpoena power.

1571
01:27:04,697 --> 01:27:07,396
Make sure these folks aren't
doing antitrust activities.

1572
01:27:07,396 --> 01:27:09,746
But make no mistake,
there's gonna be a lot

1573
01:27:09,746 --> 01:27:11,617
of money thrown against me.

1574
01:27:12,966 --> 01:27:14,446
They're gonna say,
"We're not gonna let

1575
01:27:14,446 --> 01:27:17,362
some bigmouth senator
from Montana stop us."

1576
01:27:17,362 --> 01:27:20,757
And so, bring it on, guys.

1577
01:27:21,845 --> 01:27:23,238
How'd the hearing go?

1578
01:27:23,238 --> 01:27:25,065
- Really well.
- Yeah.

1579
01:27:25,065 --> 01:27:27,894
Now we're being filmed
doing an illegal activity.

1580
01:27:27,894 --> 01:27:29,896
We're jaywalking here.

1581
01:27:29,896 --> 01:27:31,289
I think the light's
gonna change for us maybe?

1582
01:27:31,289 --> 01:27:33,291
You think so?

1583
01:27:33,291 --> 01:27:34,771
Sometimes the law has
to catch up to where you are.

1584
01:27:34,771 --> 01:27:36,076
That's right.

1585
01:27:38,035 --> 01:27:39,428
BOOKER [voice-over]:
I really think that this is

1586
01:27:39,428 --> 01:27:42,257
a moment in history
where we can expand

1587
01:27:42,257 --> 01:27:45,085
the innovations going on
in the American food system

1588
01:27:45,085 --> 01:27:49,176
to show people that there's
a better way of doing this.

1589
01:27:56,749 --> 01:27:58,185
POLLAN [voice-over]:
It's all doable,

1590
01:27:58,185 --> 01:27:59,970
it's all fixable.

1591
01:27:59,970 --> 01:28:03,887
If we tackle the big problem
of antitrust

1592
01:28:03,887 --> 01:28:05,628
and agricultural policy.

1593
01:28:05,628 --> 01:28:07,499
We need to change
the incentives,

1594
01:28:07,499 --> 01:28:11,416
so the government is
subsidizing healthy calories,

1595
01:28:11,416 --> 01:28:13,288
not unhealthy calories.

1596
01:28:13,288 --> 01:28:15,812
Just imagine
if the government decided

1597
01:28:15,812 --> 01:28:19,511
to step in on the side of
the consumer and the citizen,

1598
01:28:19,511 --> 01:28:22,471
rather than on the side
of the big food companies.

1599
01:28:23,733 --> 01:28:26,039
We had a pandemic

1600
01:28:26,039 --> 01:28:28,433
and saw how brittle
things were.

1601
01:28:28,433 --> 01:28:32,132
So let's create resiliency

1602
01:28:32,132 --> 01:28:36,441
by empowering the folks
that raise their food

1603
01:28:36,441 --> 01:28:39,139
in our local
and regional food systems.

1604
01:28:40,532 --> 01:28:41,707
SMITH [voice-over]:
The future doesn't have to be

1605
01:28:41,707 --> 01:28:43,666
cornfield after cornfield.

1606
01:28:43,666 --> 01:28:45,320
If we want to see
change happen,

1607
01:28:45,320 --> 01:28:48,845
we have to change
agricultural policy.

1608
01:28:48,845 --> 01:28:50,368
We get the right policy,

1609
01:28:50,368 --> 01:28:52,805
and we'll start taking care
of our soils,

1610
01:28:52,805 --> 01:28:54,546
which in turn makes
healthy food.

1611
01:28:54,546 --> 01:28:56,983
Like, it's not rocket science.

1612
01:28:58,115 --> 01:28:59,290
BREN [voice-over]:
This is our chance

1613
01:28:59,290 --> 01:29:00,857
to chart a new course.

1614
01:29:00,857 --> 01:29:03,903
We can actually grow good food,
create good jobs,

1615
01:29:03,903 --> 01:29:06,602
while we're also healing
the planet.

1616
01:29:06,602 --> 01:29:09,648
And that's sort of the world
I-I'd love to live in.

1617
01:29:09,648 --> 01:29:10,867
- Fifteen!
- Stand up!

1618
01:29:10,867 --> 01:29:12,390
KC!

1619
01:29:12,390 --> 01:29:14,000
MARION [voice-over]:
I want to see everybody

1620
01:29:14,000 --> 01:29:15,741
treated fairly.

1621
01:29:15,741 --> 01:29:17,656
We are the ones

1622
01:29:17,656 --> 01:29:19,832
that make this company
successful.

1623
01:29:19,832 --> 01:29:22,705
- Who runs this Taco Bell?
- We do!

1624
01:29:22,705 --> 01:29:24,533
MARION [voice-over]:
I want to see life.

1625
01:29:24,533 --> 01:29:26,186
I want to see people
living life,

1626
01:29:26,186 --> 01:29:28,232
not just fighting to survive.

1627
01:29:30,190 --> 01:29:32,410
SCHLOSSER [voice-over]:
We can have a food system

1628
01:29:32,410 --> 01:29:36,022
that produces healthy food
for consumers,

1629
01:29:36,022 --> 01:29:42,333
that provides a safe workplace
and decent wages to workers,

1630
01:29:42,333 --> 01:29:45,510
that treats animals like
they're living beings

1631
01:29:45,510 --> 01:29:49,122
and not industrial commodities,

1632
01:29:49,122 --> 01:29:53,475
that treats the land
in a way that's sustainable

1633
01:29:53,475 --> 01:29:56,303
and not destructive.

1634
01:29:56,303 --> 01:30:00,090
We not only can do it,
we have to.

1635
01:30:07,793 --> 01:30:10,405
♪ This land is your land

1636
01:30:12,189 --> 01:30:14,670
♪ This land is my land

1637
01:30:18,064 --> 01:30:22,068
♪ From California

1638
01:30:22,068 --> 01:30:26,812
♪ Well,
to the New York island ♪

1639
01:30:26,812 --> 01:30:31,687
♪ From the redwood forest

1640
01:30:31,687 --> 01:30:36,561
♪ To the Gulf Stream waters

1641
01:30:37,562 --> 01:30:39,129
♪ I tell you

1642
01:30:39,129 --> 01:30:41,348
♪ This land

1643
01:30:41,348 --> 01:30:46,353
♪ Was made for you and me

1644
01:30:47,877 --> 01:30:51,489
♪ As I went walking

1645
01:30:51,489 --> 01:30:55,493
♪ Down that ribbon
of a highway ♪

1646
01:30:57,103 --> 01:31:01,325
♪ I saw above me

1647
01:31:01,325 --> 01:31:05,590
♪ Oh, that endless skyway

1648
01:31:06,852 --> 01:31:10,726
♪ Now, I saw below me

1649
01:31:11,553 --> 01:31:15,339
♪ That golden valley

1650
01:31:16,209 --> 01:31:17,994
♪ And I said

1651
01:31:17,994 --> 01:31:20,649
♪ This land

1652
01:31:20,649 --> 01:31:25,741
♪ Was made for you and me

1653
01:31:27,046 --> 01:31:31,355
♪ As I was walking

1654
01:31:31,355 --> 01:31:34,271
♪ Now, they tried to stop me

1655
01:31:36,229 --> 01:31:40,233
♪ They put up a sign
that said ♪

1656
01:31:40,233 --> 01:31:44,847
♪ Oh, it said,
"Private property" ♪

1657
01:31:45,978 --> 01:31:50,200
♪ Well, on the back side

1658
01:31:50,200 --> 01:31:55,335
♪ You know, it said nothing

1659
01:31:55,335 --> 01:31:59,688
♪ So, it must be that side

1660
01:31:59,688 --> 01:32:05,520
♪ Was made for you
and me, yeah ♪

1661
01:32:19,882 --> 01:32:24,582
♪ One bright, sunny morning

1662
01:32:24,582 --> 01:32:29,587
♪ Well, in the shadow
of a steeple ♪

1663
01:32:29,587 --> 01:32:34,244
♪ Down by the welfare office

1664
01:32:34,244 --> 01:32:39,205
♪ I... I saw my people

1665
01:32:39,205 --> 01:32:44,080
♪ You know, now,
they stood hungry ♪

1666
01:32:44,080 --> 01:32:49,085
♪ I... I stood wondering

1667
01:32:49,085 --> 01:32:53,655
♪ I was wondering
if this land ♪

1668
01:32:53,655 --> 01:32:58,964
♪ Was made for you and me

1669
01:32:59,661 --> 01:33:01,706
♪ This land is your land ♪

1670
01:33:04,666 --> 01:33:08,060
♪ This land is my land

1671
01:33:09,322 --> 01:33:13,283
♪ From Riverside, California

1672
01:33:13,283 --> 01:33:17,722
♪ Oh, to Staten Island

1673
01:33:17,722 --> 01:33:23,032
♪ Well, on down
to west of Georgia ♪

1674
01:33:23,032 --> 01:33:26,862
♪ Oh, don't forget
to say Philadelphia ♪

1675
01:33:26,862 --> 01:33:31,214
♪ Oh, we moving on down
to Mississippi ♪

1676
01:33:31,214 --> 01:33:34,304
♪ Oh, Houston, Texas

1677
01:33:34,304 --> 01:33:35,958
♪ Ah, L.A.

1678
01:33:35,958 --> 01:33:37,612
♪ Yeah

1679
01:33:37,612 --> 01:33:40,832
♪ You know,
this land is your land ♪

1680
01:33:40,832 --> 01:33:46,664
♪ Ah, this land is my land

1681
01:33:46,664 --> 01:33:50,015
♪ Oh, this land
is your land ♪

1682
01:33:50,015 --> 01:33:52,278
♪ You've got to believe

1683
01:33:52,278 --> 01:33:55,064
♪ Oh, it's my land

1684
01:33:55,064 --> 01:33:58,197
♪ Oh

1685
01:33:58,197 --> 01:34:00,373
♪ Mm

1686
01:34:00,373 --> 01:34:05,596
♪ Ooh, this land was made
for you and me, yeah ♪

1687
01:34:05,596 --> 01:34:09,034
♪ Oh, this land was made
for you and me ♪

1688
01:34:09,034 --> 01:34:11,471
♪ Oh, this land

1689
01:34:11,471 --> 01:34:13,648
♪ This land is your land

1690
01:34:13,648 --> 01:34:15,824
♪ Ah, this land

1691
01:34:15,824 --> 01:34:17,869
♪ This land is my land.